tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-52361257906656544492024-03-09T16:23:43.841+05:30Environment and GeologyIt will cover all types environmental and geological research work and studies both ancient and present. It will also cover impact of environment and geology on the human civilization. All types of news from all over the world related to environment and geology will also be discussed here.Environment and Geologyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06742566655127435206noreply@blogger.comBlogger323125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5236125790665654449.post-65988479967755159512024-03-06T14:00:00.002+05:302024-03-06T14:00:46.183+05:30क्या पृथ्वी तीन मिनट में बनी ? डा. नितीश प्रियदर्शी<iframe width="480" height="360" src="https://youtube.com/embed/LhVrcCAkNus?si=8qWDeoryR6RjtxLm" frameborder="0"></iframe>Environment and Geologyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06742566655127435206noreply@blogger.com0Ranchi, Jharkhand, India23.3440997 85.309562-4.9661341361788445 50.153312 51.654333536178846 120.465812tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5236125790665654449.post-18399488698117399542023-12-30T12:28:00.000+05:302023-12-30T12:28:04.353+05:30रांची के पास कारो नदी की खूबसूरती। डा. नितीश प्रियदर्शी<iframe width="480" height="270" src="https://youtube.com/embed/4K96TFWs3g8?si=8prcSJFMNrWbrTBQ" frameborder="0"></iframe>Environment and Geologyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06742566655127435206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5236125790665654449.post-64349689197072646302023-04-02T13:00:00.000+05:302023-04-02T13:00:02.222+05:30Nature is also moody.<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dxbTfycbPfBr7wa36dBTaEYG-mmqRSE1LYntFSVZmBZYL6em_j6d1PbnxxJFbAXpITObv3ZRRORFFzymCrMbw' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe>Environment and Geologyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06742566655127435206noreply@blogger.com0Ranchi, Jharkhand, India23.3440997 85.309562-4.9661341361788445 50.153312 51.654333536178846 120.465812tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5236125790665654449.post-72919404315781214572022-02-02T11:50:00.003+05:302022-02-02T11:50:58.994+05:30FOUND FOOTPRINTS OF LORD RAM NEAR RANCHI .<iframe width="480" height="270" src="https://youtube.com/embed/tXK1llQvF9s" frameborder="0"></iframe>Environment and Geologyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06742566655127435206noreply@blogger.com0Ranchi, Jharkhand, India23.3440997 85.309562-4.9661341361788445 50.153312 51.654333536178846 120.465812tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5236125790665654449.post-87769051742864601692022-01-16T12:58:00.000+05:302022-01-16T12:58:03.764+05:30रांची के आस पास की खूबसूरती मेरे कैमरे की नज़र से । <iframe width="480" height="270" src="https://youtube.com/embed/bE1rrmoL5z0" frameborder="0"></iframe>Environment and Geologyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06742566655127435206noreply@blogger.com0Ranchi, Jharkhand, India23.3440997 85.309562-4.9661341361788445 50.153312 51.654333536178846 120.465812tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5236125790665654449.post-40130892035313274732021-06-29T20:15:00.002+05:302021-07-04T20:40:26.350+05:30Lichens as indicators of less air pollution in and around Ranchi city, India.<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: #FAFAFA; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Ranchi is one of the 100
cities chosen as part of India’s smart cities program.</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: #FAFAFA; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">by </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: #FAFAFA; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Dr. Nitish Priyadarshi</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: #FAFAFA; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Assistant Professor, </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: #FAFAFA; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Department of Geology,</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: #FAFAFA; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Ranchi University,</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: #FAFAFA; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Ranchi</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: #FAFAFA; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">India.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: #FAFAFA; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">emaiil: nitish.priyadarshi@gmail.com </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: #FAFAFA; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitZcAKovLOQwRRln0oecho3F-GIIXrTU7rZpg6EscdKLy_BUF0Vwuc1PXj5P5g9s0Uy-Bv2MQI8bj-K8bkq9b70x6RMLx2QwJIV7QsygxoZgMj1jS0IhB_c8wDiJKPemb8f_SsuwEiMB2l/s960/lichens.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="759" data-original-width="960" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitZcAKovLOQwRRln0oecho3F-GIIXrTU7rZpg6EscdKLy_BUF0Vwuc1PXj5P5g9s0Uy-Bv2MQI8bj-K8bkq9b70x6RMLx2QwJIV7QsygxoZgMj1jS0IhB_c8wDiJKPemb8f_SsuwEiMB2l/s320/lichens.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><span style="background: #FAFAFA; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br /></span></b><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0WSiE8pfFivqdFUvvxut5hXU1mtPM4-m4H8qt4Hgyi7qhi19VfxT_mkNNRq_8Lz_0fKCVRsqZSiC5m6khThicOMYhC6ZZCI8R6uwOAmrOZz724ptQh7oqk3G_GQIWoTZ9i4e0lk5lpHCL/s960/lichens1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="960" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0WSiE8pfFivqdFUvvxut5hXU1mtPM4-m4H8qt4Hgyi7qhi19VfxT_mkNNRq_8Lz_0fKCVRsqZSiC5m6khThicOMYhC6ZZCI8R6uwOAmrOZz724ptQh7oqk3G_GQIWoTZ9i4e0lk5lpHCL/s320/lichens1.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><span style="background: #FAFAFA; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br /></span></b><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEqJwq2-DqQzKFTvoQfk2rqK9kbx6D9qPEmC7I6_EUGgNHkj-Xi9uJMXcwSyYWPp4bRmWDgHyxliwJIAUqaHY5JIDl3pD0Wjs4ogsIMz57nQHJy_KzdPpw0I9UmEnFaXtV_A64FojvQX4b/s960/lichens3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="960" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEqJwq2-DqQzKFTvoQfk2rqK9kbx6D9qPEmC7I6_EUGgNHkj-Xi9uJMXcwSyYWPp4bRmWDgHyxliwJIAUqaHY5JIDl3pD0Wjs4ogsIMz57nQHJy_KzdPpw0I9UmEnFaXtV_A64FojvQX4b/s320/lichens3.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4YtDfTd_wotMbdW1viwpJuWGtN3WNBu5JE9omTULLRfDRHPEfMa_j9n1C_XTX1s7GGPkpxPCiJ-lYmkd8299Iuku6Xp1Tsm6lvk8VUnkAFXi72YrmWVHRZaE-OQGsdxOxnm_qptaucgVk/s960/lichens2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="960" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4YtDfTd_wotMbdW1viwpJuWGtN3WNBu5JE9omTULLRfDRHPEfMa_j9n1C_XTX1s7GGPkpxPCiJ-lYmkd8299Iuku6Xp1Tsm6lvk8VUnkAFXi72YrmWVHRZaE-OQGsdxOxnm_qptaucgVk/s320/lichens2.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><span style="background: #FAFAFA; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br /></span></b><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiepX5Stp9otoAz087JuYMpaSqWej1FmISnXMI02LpfNzNECvQxzZgdpp-9D1Z43VfcY5y9Ail2z2uNYL2MBDfsrK3A5JlTL4MRTTYxyqNue62FBfjj5rbG_J0mihjfqb6vV9i8mzCf60VT/s711/lichen4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="599" data-original-width="711" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiepX5Stp9otoAz087JuYMpaSqWej1FmISnXMI02LpfNzNECvQxzZgdpp-9D1Z43VfcY5y9Ail2z2uNYL2MBDfsrK3A5JlTL4MRTTYxyqNue62FBfjj5rbG_J0mihjfqb6vV9i8mzCf60VT/s320/lichen4.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></b></p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><span style="background: #FAFAFA; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br /></span></b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhboQCw9IIkuLRJfam3AcfRyLn4Ru-4K7mRXMzHj6H5eBXdPrhHPJQrChhsbNBw5o7iMaYSt_aJutQjnZAb8pSGTyF1qWrV32Fehq8dB8L-A6pGICzGbul3tAEiRO2VwWRwHHwIfVTlRlIj/s720/lichen5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="523" data-original-width="720" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhboQCw9IIkuLRJfam3AcfRyLn4Ru-4K7mRXMzHj6H5eBXdPrhHPJQrChhsbNBw5o7iMaYSt_aJutQjnZAb8pSGTyF1qWrV32Fehq8dB8L-A6pGICzGbul3tAEiRO2VwWRwHHwIfVTlRlIj/s320/lichen5.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"></p><p style="background: #FCFCFC; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">Urbanization
and migration of people from rural areas to the Ranchi city has badly affected
the environment of the city which was earlier known as summer capital of Bihar/
Jharkhand united due to its healthy climate and less pollution.<span style="background: #FAFAFA; color: #5a5a5a;"> Ranchi is the capital of the
Jharkhand, formed in 2000, along with Chhattisgarh, and is one of the 100
cities chosen as part of India’s smart cities program. From the time the
state was formed in 2000, the number of vehicles in the city has increased 20
times, contributing to the increase in air pollution. With an increase in population
– this erstwhile hill station is now dealing with haphazard construction,
insufficient systems for solid waste management leading to open burning and an
increase in emissions from transport.</span> <span style="background: #FCFCFC; color: #3c3c3c;">Other sources include ones such as the burning of firewood
and other organic material for heating and cooking, as well as the open burning
of garbage and refuse. </span><span style="color: #3c3c3c;">The main types of
pollutants found in the air in Ranchi would be ones that arise from the number
of different combustion sources. These would include materials such as black
carbon and volatile organic compounds (VOC's), both of which find origin in the
incomplete combustion of both fossil fuels as well as organic material, and as
such will be emitted from sources ranging from car engines, factory processes
to even the burning of firewood or other raw materials. Some examples of VOC's
include chemicals such as benzene, toluene, xylene, methylene chloride and
formaldehyde.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: #FCFCFC; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #3c3c3c;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: #FCFCFC; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #3c3c3c;">Other pollutants would be ones such as nitrogen dioxide
(NO<sub>2</sub>), sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) alongside polynuclear
aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, furans and even
heavy metals such as lead, mercury and cadmium. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: #FCFCFC; color: #3c3c3c; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Nowadays, more than half of the human population
live in urban areas and this number is increasing. This huge and often
unregulated phenomenon has changed dramatically the environmental conditions of
previous rural and natural areas, causing atmospheric and acoustic pollution,
loss of biodiversity and climatic alterations, with harmful consequences for ecosystem
functioning and human health.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Photographs posted here are from different areas
near to Ranchi city. From Ranchi city lichens are mostly absent. In forest
areas lichens are still found on the rocks, and trees indicating good air
quality. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The earliest accounts of the high<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>sensitivities<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>of lichens to atmospheric pollution appeared around the peak of the
Industrial Revolution in western Europe. Grindon (1859) in Manchester and
Nylander (1866) in Paris both associated the disappearance of lichens from
their respective cities with the grossly polluted town air , smoke and sulphur dioxide
then being major components of the pollution. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Fresh, clean air is wonderful to breathe in. Without
the health risks of air pollution, fresh air feels great for our lungs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Lichens love clean air too- infact their
sensitivity to air pollution means they make great air quality indicators.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Basically, lichens
depend on atmospheric moisture: rain, fog and dew for growth. There are slow in
growth and very sensitive towards the changing environmental conditions. Since,
they absorb water and essential nutrients from atmosphere instead of from soil,
hence they respond in altered manner to increased concentrations of pollutants
in air. Comparison of lichens growth in polluted and healthy environment, a
clear cut change in growth as well as addition or reduced growth can be
observed.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Like small signposts, these curious organisms can
tell us a lot about the air we are breathing. Butterflies, nematodes, frogs,
and toads are very good indicators of environmental pollutants, but lichens are
easier to study and are quicker to respond to environmental change.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Next time you are on a walk, you can look around for
the types of lichens that grow in your area. As a rule of thumb, the smaller
the size and less variety of lichens in an area, the more polluted is the
environment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Main air pollutants that
affect lichen growth are nitrogen, sulphur dioxide, <span style="background: white; color: #242424; letter-spacing: .05pt;">fluorides, ozone, hydrocarbons, and
metals such as copper, lead, and zinc.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Lichens look like
spots or clumps of colour, like someone has splashed paint onto a branch of a
tree. Their colours range from green to brown to white to russet red. Even in
these colours, lichens can be understated additions to tree trunks and rocks.
Because lichens have no roots or protective surface, they cannot filter what
they absorb, so whatever is in the air is taken straight inside. If there are
pollutants, it can accumulate in the lichen and can become toxic very quickly.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="color: #333333;">We breathe
in harmless nitrogen gas all the time - in fact it makes up a large part of
Earth's atmosphere. But when nitrogren is heated and combined with oxygen (as
it is in a car engine), nitrogen oxides are created.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="color: #333333;">Nitrogen
dioxide in the air can be a powerful polluter and becomes harmful for human
health in high concentrations. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In high
concentrations, sulphur dioxide can irritate the mucus lining of the eyes,
nose, throat and lungs. Exposure to sulphur dioxide may cause coughing and
tightness in your chest. People with asthma are more sensitive to sulphur
dioxide pollution. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #202124; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Throughout history,
people have <b>used lichens</b> for food, clothing, dyes, perfume
additives, medicines, poisons, tanning agents, bandaging, and absorbent
materials. Compounds unique to <b>lichens</b> are <b>used</b> in
perfumes, fiber dyes, and in medicines for their antibacterial and antiviral
properties.</span><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="background: white; color: #202124; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Lichens</span></b><span style="background: white; color: #202124; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> have been used in the treatment of
diverse diseases like arthritis, alopecia, constipation, kidney diseases,
leprosy, pharyngitis rabies, infection, worm and infestation. The <b>medicinal</b> utility
of <b>lichens</b> is regarded to presence of secondary compounds like
of usnic acid and atranorin. It is also used in treating wounds, skin
disorders, respiratory and digestive issues, and obstetric and gynecological
concerns.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #202124; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">References:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #202124; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bell, J.N.B. and
Treshow, M. (2002). Air pollution and plant life. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
309-342.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #202124; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Grindon, L.H. (1859).
The Manchester flora. London: W. White.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #202124; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Nylander,W. (1866).
Les lichens du Jardin du Luxembourg. Bulletin de la Societe Botanique de France
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">13</b>,364-372 </span><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/nature-and-pollution-what-lichens-tell-us-about-toxic-air.html"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/nature-and-pollution-what-lichens-tell-us-about-toxic-air.html</span></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.amnh.org/learn-teach/curriculum-collections/young-naturalist-awards/winning-essays/2007/lichens-as-indicators-of-vehicle-pollution"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">https://www.amnh.org/learn-teach/curriculum-collections/young-naturalist-awards/winning-essays/2007/lichens-as-indicators-of-vehicle-pollution</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.iqair.com/india/jharkhand/ranchi"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">https://www.iqair.com/india/jharkhand/ranchi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p></p>Environment and Geologyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06742566655127435206noreply@blogger.com0Ranchi, Jharkhand, India23.3440997 85.309562-4.9661341361788445 50.153312 51.654333536178846 120.465812tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5236125790665654449.post-35552794851749102202021-03-29T12:04:00.002+05:302021-03-31T14:37:57.208+05:30Role of geology in interpreting Paleoclimate of the earth. <p style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Rock types as indicators of ancient climate.</b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>by</b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Dr. Nitish Priyadarshi</b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi03Bj7gHNQ6t8Cj8X8lVZMZbb6xY4WKs_Eiah0p7tOIIYyah0FRdscjawihAOFBnGtpAQKVEXkgwL5Rn2XewpSo3jKcDX5cBMiq9w23ixXUAGEbziv17vSEVJ3hvs1Zi9pwnS_UQximp6m/s2048/Rock+for+article1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1366" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi03Bj7gHNQ6t8Cj8X8lVZMZbb6xY4WKs_Eiah0p7tOIIYyah0FRdscjawihAOFBnGtpAQKVEXkgwL5Rn2XewpSo3jKcDX5cBMiq9w23ixXUAGEbziv17vSEVJ3hvs1Zi9pwnS_UQximp6m/s320/Rock+for+article1.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: rgb(252, 252, 252); color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; line-height: 115%;">The
Earth’s climate has changed dramatically over the eons, as the atmosphere
continuously interacts with oceans, lithosphere, and biosphere over a wide
range of timescales. Efforts to place recent climate observations into a
longer-term context have been stimulated by concern over whether the twentieth
century global warming trend is part of natural climate variability or linked
to increasing anthropogenic inputs of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The
ability to decipher past climates has expanded in recent years with an improved
understanding of present climatic processes and the development of more
sophisticated analytical tools. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">Scientists know the Earth's average temperature has
increased approximately 1°F since 1860. Is this warming due to something people
are releasing into the atmosphere or natural causes? Many people today are
quick to blame the greenhouse effect for global warming, but the temperature
increases may have a natural cause, for example, from elevated volcanic
activity. Gases in the earth’s atmosphere which trap heat, and cause an
increase in temperature cause the greenhouse effect. Carbon dioxide (CO2),
water vapour, and other gases in the atmosphere absorb the infrared rays
forming a kind of blanket around the earth. Scientists fear that if humans
continue to place too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, too much heat will
be trapped, causing the global temperature to rise and resulting in devastating
effects. Some scientists speculate that natural events like volcanic eruptions
or an increase in the sun's output, may be influencing the climate. Perhaps the
temperature rise is a natural trend that is part of a long-term cycle.
Obviously, using only the weather data scientists have collected in the past
140 years will not be sufficient to answer these questions, so scientists use
paleoclimactic studies to determine if today’s warming climate has occurred
anytime in the past. Through past climate studies, scientists can predict what
future climates and trends may occur.</p><p class="MsoNormal">Paleoclimate studies focus on both determining the climate
states of the earth during the geological past and understanding how the
climate system worked to produce those ancient environments. The careful
observation, collection and interpretation of geological evidence from as many
independent sources as possible is the most reliable way of determining details
of ancient climate states. For many geological periods, paleoclimatic data are
still new, and more rigorous methods for interpreting the data that we already
have are needed ( Francis, 1998). The most exciting aspect of this geological
research is that we can study unique environments that existed on earth in the
past that are no longer present in our modern world, such as forests and
dinosaurs living in warm climates in the polar regions and the extreme
environments inn continental interiors on supercontinental landmasses such as
Pangaea. <span face="Tahoma, sans-serif" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face="Tahoma, sans-serif" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;">Over Earth history, the
climate has changed a lot. For example, during the Mesozoic Era, the Age of
Dinosaurs, the climate was much warmer and carbon dioxide was abundant in the
atmosphere. However, throughout the Cenozoic Era (65 Million years ago to
today), the climate has been gradually cooling. How do we know about past
climates? Geologists use proxy indicators to understand past climate. A <strong><span face=""Tahoma","sans-serif"">proxy indicator</span></strong> is
a biological, chemical, or physical signature preserved in the rock, sediment,
or ice record that acts like a “fingerprint” of something in the past . Thus
they are an indirect indicator of something like climate. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal">The study of climates during the geological past, is one of
the most topical areas of research in the geosciences at present. The threat of
future climate change caused by higher levels of greenhouse gases, which would
drastically alter many aspects of our environment, has prompted research to try
to understand how our complex climate system works. Only by understanding how
climate has evolved over millions of years can we identify important climate
cycles with a frequency in excess of the short climate records we possess. These climate cycles have the potential to
have a profound effect on our environment. <span style="background: white;">Earth's climate has shifted dramatically
and frequently during the last few million years, alternating between ice ages,
when vast glaciers covered northern Europe and much of North America, and
interglacials — warm periods similar to the present. Geoscientists use
"proxies", or indirect means to reconstruct climates that existed
long before the invention of thermometers, barometers, or other meteorological
instruments: tree rings, pollen grains, animal and plant fossil assemblages.</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="background: white; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span>Understanding our climate history in the
geological past is also important for climatologists trying to construct
accurate numerical computer models of our present climate system to use for
predicting future climate change.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white;">Minerals also furnish important clues about ancient climates.
At Earth's surface, minerals interact closely with water and the atmosphere.
Most useful are those deposited under relatively narrow climatic ranges or
within specific environmental settings. These include evaporites, low
temperature minerals such as ikaite and hydrohalite, minerals of residual soils
(e.g., in bauxites or laterites), and some clay minerals like kaolinite.</span>The
formation of some rock types is directly influenced by aspects of climate. Some
of the most useful are coals, evaporates, glacial deposits and carbonates. </p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="background: white;">Evaporites<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white;">Evaporite minerals form by evaporation of seawater or lakes
in narrow basins, rift valleys (like the East African Rift Valley), and coastal
lagoons under extremely hot and dry climates. Their distribution closely
matches that of deserts. As water evaporates from the basin, salts precipitate
in a sequence usually starting with carbonates, sulfates, and ending with the
more soluble chloride salts. Typical evaporite minerals include gypsum,
anhydrite, halite (rock salt), borax, and nitrates, such as saltpeter or niter (potassium
nitrate). Major deposits of rock salt occur in the Gulf Coast, the Austrian
Alps, the Dead Sea, upstate New York, Michigan, and elsewhere.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-outline-level: 4;"><b>Climate
Clues from Soils and Sediments<o:p></o:p></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 1.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">Clay
minerals form by the chemical break-down of rocks near Earth's surface. The
detritus is removed by water erosion and accumulates in lakes, estuaries, and
the sea. Clays also occur in terrestrial soils and airborne dust. The types of
clay minerals and their relative abundances are closely related to climate,
although the composition of the source rocks can also influence their
development. Kaolinite, for example, is created by intense chemical weathering
in warm, humid climates where silica is leached out, leaving soils enriched in
alumina. Chlorite and illite, on the other hand, tend to form in soils
dominated by mechanical weathering, both in colder, often formerly glaciated
regions, but also in hot, dry climates.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 1.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><b><span style="background: white;">Bauxite.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 1.2pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="background: white;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPKA_S5Iu4lpIDkMMJLVvccOm6F1L6dnAHSn7amBInqRoS04-eqd0XhUlYJcuDwThWfifqpiUQn3n-s1HSZJwl7dKTY-KxqaYGEQEMeSQv1cJb00yU7NFf4yxJxYCd8ppOF74HvKUM27AR/s927/bauxite.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="927" data-original-width="727" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPKA_S5Iu4lpIDkMMJLVvccOm6F1L6dnAHSn7amBInqRoS04-eqd0XhUlYJcuDwThWfifqpiUQn3n-s1HSZJwl7dKTY-KxqaYGEQEMeSQv1cJb00yU7NFf4yxJxYCd8ppOF74HvKUM27AR/s320/bauxite.jpg" /></a></b></div><b><br /> <o:p></o:p></b><p></p><p style="text-align: left;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 1.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Bauxite is a residual soil that forms by intense chemical
weathering of rocks in wet, tropical climates where the average rainfall is 60
inches/year. The extreme leaching destroys most silicates and even resistant
minerals such as quartz, leaving insoluble aluminum minerals, such as gibbsite,
and boehmite, with lesser quantities of diaspore, kaolinite, and iron oxides.</span><span face=""Lato","sans-serif"" style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 9.5pt;"> Laterite and bauxite peaks were coeval with times of global high warmth
and precipitation, elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide, oceanic anoxia,
exceptional fossil preservation, and mass extinction.</span><span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 1.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span face=""Lato","sans-serif"" style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 9.5pt;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 1.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><b>Coal.<o:p></o:p></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 1.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><b><br /></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 1.2pt; text-align: center;"><b><br /></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 1.2pt; text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7su4QnkkhFUGkKnHtq66xesOnx0Yll_uTdrPPUCrttO7ScbnnZECwfY4fCb4fabrECEexrN4zSgy0hRGm773tUOcltp8RaC6YzvxAXitfKxswOp4407RJ1DrLAI5af41hr7W5KiUmzXvT/s1260/coal.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1260" data-original-width="597" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7su4QnkkhFUGkKnHtq66xesOnx0Yll_uTdrPPUCrttO7ScbnnZECwfY4fCb4fabrECEexrN4zSgy0hRGm773tUOcltp8RaC6YzvxAXitfKxswOp4407RJ1DrLAI5af41hr7W5KiUmzXvT/s320/coal.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: 700;"><br /></span></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 1.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">Just as evaporates indicate hot and
dry climates, occurrences of coal in the geologic record suggest hot and wet
climates. The presence of coal, initially formed from the accumulation of
plant materials as peat, is generally taken to indicate warm and wet humid
climates ideal for lush plant growth, and where the rainfall is higher than the
rate of evaporation, such as in equatorial regions. However, rainfall is a more
important factor than temperature, as are high water tables and waterlogged
swamps which are required to preserve the peat. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 1.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 1.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">In the past, the most abundant
coal deposits were formed during the Carboniferous when large subsiding
continental areas were situated in low latitudes and experienced hot and humid
climate.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 1.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><b>Carbonates. <o:p></o:p></b></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><b></b></span><p></p><div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 1.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">Coral reefs provide paleoclimatologists with important
proxy data. Coral reefs have been a part of the Earth's oceans for millions of
years and are very sensitive to changes in climate. Scientists can use
indicators from corals to study weather conditions from the past hundreds or
even thousands of years to determine trends in climate. Corals form skeletons
by extracting calcium carbonate from the ocean waters. When the water
temperature changes, calcium carbonate densities in the skeletons also change.
Coral formed in the summer has a different density than coral formed in the
winter. This creates seasonal growth rings on the coral (like rings on a tree).
Scientists can study these rings to determine the temperature of the water, and
the season in which the coral grew. By using these growth bands, scientists can
date the coral samples to an exact year and season.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 1.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><b>Glacial deposits.</b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 1.2pt; text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNwpEK8sA0SgTqsQKBhjqbqpUFN4WAtOCWKQeJBJ0VBPbHNWM65m7iiHo8_E8zj5kh1yk1uru7lKJIBNv_1HcbwXGbk8ESxgn85AySrdxFGx79f88Mp7Qr5kCJOWDaf4eCzJVTdPf2PjRB/s2048/Varves.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1366" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNwpEK8sA0SgTqsQKBhjqbqpUFN4WAtOCWKQeJBJ0VBPbHNWM65m7iiHo8_E8zj5kh1yk1uru7lKJIBNv_1HcbwXGbk8ESxgn85AySrdxFGx79f88Mp7Qr5kCJOWDaf4eCzJVTdPf2PjRB/s320/Varves.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><b>Varves </b></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 1.2pt; text-align: left;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 1.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">Evidence for glaciation and the presence of thick ice
sheets can be obtained from a variety of sources. The most convincing are
striated pavements, that is surfaces of bedrock with the grooves scratched by
debris frozen into the base of moving ice glaciers. The orientation of ice
movement and therefore in some cases the position of glacial centres can also
be determined. For example, studies of Carboniferous and Permian glacial deposits
in the Southern Hemisphere enabled Crowell and Frakes ( 1975) to reconstruct
the location of ice centres over Gondwana continents and to determine the
direction of movement of ice lobes from these centres.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 1.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;">Glacial tillites can provide information about ice passage
but, in the absence of other glacial features, tillites can sometimes be hard
to distinguish from other diamictites, such as debris flow deposits, which may
have formed under totally different conditions. Ice –rafted dropstones and
varves indicate that ice formed, at least seasonally, and produced dumps of ice
carried debris or seasonal lake sediments. In addition, glendonite nodules have
also been used as evidence for cold climates, particularly for the Permian from
which sequences they were originally described. </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 1.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="background: white;">Reference:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 1.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="background: white;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 1.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="background: white;">Crowell, J.C. , Frakes, L.A. 1975. The Late Palaeozoic
glaciation. In Campbell, K.S. (ed.) Gondwana Geology. Australian National
University Press, Canberra, 313-331.</span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 1.2pt; text-align: left;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 1.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="background: white;">Francis, J.E. 1998. Interpreting Palaeoclimates. In Peter, D.
and Matthew R.B. (ed.) Unlocking the Stratigraphical Record. Advances in Modern
Stratigraphy. John Wiley & Sons, 471-490.</span></p><b></b><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 1.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><a href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/briefs/gornitz_08/"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">https://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/briefs/gornitz_08/</span></a><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 1.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><a href="https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/Book%3A_An_Introduction_to_Geology_(Johnson_Affolter_Inkenbrandt_and_Mosher)/15%3A_Global_Climate_Change/15.04%3A_Prehistoric_Climate_Change"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/Book%3A_An_Introduction_to_Geology_(Johnson_Affolter_Inkenbrandt_and_Mosher)/15%3A_Global_Climate_Change/15.04%3A_Prehistoric_Climate_Change</span></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 1.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><a href="https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/segweb/economicgeology/article-abstract/105/3/655/128205/Lateritization-and-Bauxitization-Events?redirectedFrom=fulltext"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/segweb/economicgeology/article-abstract/105/3/655/128205/Lateritization-and-Bauxitization-Events?redirectedFrom=fulltext</span></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 1.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><a href="https://www.marine.usf.edu/pjocean/packets/sp00/sp00u1le4.pdf"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">https://www.marine.usf.edu/pjocean/packets/sp00/sp00u1le4.pdf</span></a><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p></p></div>Environment and Geologyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06742566655127435206noreply@blogger.com0Ranchi, Jharkhand, India23.3440997 85.309562-4.9661341361788445 50.153312 51.654333536178846 120.465812tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5236125790665654449.post-85254818221670259462021-03-10T12:40:00.000+05:302021-03-10T12:40:07.797+05:30My experience with Forest Fires.<p> </p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Raging ground fire in forests of Ranchi and its surrounding
is posing a threat to environment.</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">By<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Dr. Nitish Priyadarshi.<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Environmentalist and Assistant Professor Department of
Geology,<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Ranchi University, India.</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjukU3lTmQLJyizEyq2MLOrNipmDnRmYNeWJ4eMOcOMb6vOGG9YDBq_cBgkVb5DmqWibeTycFJ11XSK6YGncFqndUiXgYTftMfWzo2EPCGbJMytZK8FqdDG_VUuNuwvD1Z6u1JsCPPXvqYp/s1365/forest+fire+sita+falls+mobile.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="647" data-original-width="1365" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjukU3lTmQLJyizEyq2MLOrNipmDnRmYNeWJ4eMOcOMb6vOGG9YDBq_cBgkVb5DmqWibeTycFJ11XSK6YGncFqndUiXgYTftMfWzo2EPCGbJMytZK8FqdDG_VUuNuwvD1Z6u1JsCPPXvqYp/s320/forest+fire+sita+falls+mobile.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">“Forest”– whenever we
hear this word, all our mind presumes is – a vast area of land covered with
green patches, which may consist of wildlife flourished with different verities
of flora and fauna, and of course tribal people residing and relying in &
on the forest respectively. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRsJcB6p7Wq5qpEzI2Yj4tMVzgJeiDajQi6NTEFsTtAz6WjSNQWnT37uedzpEVNraUZa0e5kV3AfZuNJmsD1zrgePkWXZH6JzWlVog0O1nrzGGgvJ_-Qf5MsmXLP9xH1hcl6Ytdyw62onk/s1057/forest+fire+sita+falls+mobile1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1057" data-original-width="647" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRsJcB6p7Wq5qpEzI2Yj4tMVzgJeiDajQi6NTEFsTtAz6WjSNQWnT37uedzpEVNraUZa0e5kV3AfZuNJmsD1zrgePkWXZH6JzWlVog0O1nrzGGgvJ_-Qf5MsmXLP9xH1hcl6Ytdyw62onk/s320/forest+fire+sita+falls+mobile1.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">It was 6<sup>th</sup> March 2021. I decided to drive for Sita falls and Jonha
falls near Ranchi city, capital of Jharkhand state, India. Both the falls are
situated deep into the dense forests of Jharkhand. I took my kids with me. Weather was quite and dry with 26 degree
centigrade. As I was about to reach Sita Falls my son saw smoke coming out of
the forest. Valley was covered with dense smoke. As we got closer to our
destination and further deep into the forest I saw aggressive flames of fire
coming out of forest beds in different geometrical forms. Mild, hot and dry
winds of spring were triggering the fire. I stopped my car to observe this
scenario up close and take few pictures. </span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dyMes6rlzjL4pC3lBTAARb9YhBpdC4jpDkKuR98jjEjXp_3B54GxBr0z257UMx6WG_zco5gRqFRanGtJQxXug' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAwkyhZDgDCJ89venN4xJj6ewWEvrrilKY7CqnOvCf7iBI-hjoD84pME6nINtifIsOkZfz8gMVw5XVItL2vxOwIHY-l-JO1km_fTjSSj2YNQwtr1Z9XlsjYabjn8IAqzAc7DgpMQ_l32BK/s2048/Forest+fire+sita+falls+new1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAwkyhZDgDCJ89venN4xJj6ewWEvrrilKY7CqnOvCf7iBI-hjoD84pME6nINtifIsOkZfz8gMVw5XVItL2vxOwIHY-l-JO1km_fTjSSj2YNQwtr1Z9XlsjYabjn8IAqzAc7DgpMQ_l32BK/s320/Forest+fire+sita+falls+new1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">As the trees had shed their leaves to welcome
the new ones, the forest soil was covered with dry leaves which helped
accelerate flames throughout. The forest birds were in distress as high flames
caused immense heat and smoke which prevented them from approaching their nests
at twilight.</span><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">I thought I could feel people in the forest, but when
I looked around, not a soul was there.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">
</span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">As I continued my journey, the trees
started to shiver with the impact of blowing wind and fire and the birds cried
out in fear as they fled from their nests. Whistling sound of burning fire was
scary.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="background: white;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLvZr_nWyt8qKHIP3MHSxPzDSEiFwG4LD_5BT-9X1ix_IMbBziwUw_Vmc_q1Z91_YGcV9Jd9ymhaRCFf9w3harmsRwvcXeHZ373vhkot9ovNnTRYA1H59eunF-F5YYCN8Xbg6gcO0Mmb-O/s2048/Forest+fire+sita+falls.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1366" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLvZr_nWyt8qKHIP3MHSxPzDSEiFwG4LD_5BT-9X1ix_IMbBziwUw_Vmc_q1Z91_YGcV9Jd9ymhaRCFf9w3harmsRwvcXeHZ373vhkot9ovNnTRYA1H59eunF-F5YYCN8Xbg6gcO0Mmb-O/s320/Forest+fire+sita+falls.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisFO7k-AQsk1ADP4zvA1rIFmIVwOhyeIUgYObGiZz3LsnEapUyVIjTvTsEouW8p4FwW9cc9Yku94t3Kh1pB0GEtc4C73gJL6z-ClRL-9J9Gxijy8Z2rT4VvCdyeqaDaQRWIv9JpKfuPkIB/s2048/Forest+fire+sita+falls+new3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1366" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisFO7k-AQsk1ADP4zvA1rIFmIVwOhyeIUgYObGiZz3LsnEapUyVIjTvTsEouW8p4FwW9cc9Yku94t3Kh1pB0GEtc4C73gJL6z-ClRL-9J9Gxijy8Z2rT4VvCdyeqaDaQRWIv9JpKfuPkIB/s320/Forest+fire+sita+falls+new3.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></span></span></div></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The smell of burning wood flew
through the air. Twigs and dead leaves made a deafening crunch underneath my
feet. The further I and my kids went in to the forest the more frightened we
got due to spreading flames. It was so hot in the
forest area that I could almost feel a burning sensation on my skin. You can
well imagine how badly it is affecting the wide variety of birds living in the
jungle. Being an environmentalist I can access how much carbon dioxide may have
emitted due to these fires.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZjpyW70rj5edTnPi7ti5-OdSOdXMg1-QQHxvig274BdAX0BKQVyyhXB0ZcesLXDZmJkYgsD4UuropI0qAAr_p3ewaUgVNRxv4zyS4R3s-LIOdjlKXUv6yJvugKiUr4trpKBbWGbdzO_3d/s2048/Forest+fire+sita+falls1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1366" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZjpyW70rj5edTnPi7ti5-OdSOdXMg1-QQHxvig274BdAX0BKQVyyhXB0ZcesLXDZmJkYgsD4UuropI0qAAr_p3ewaUgVNRxv4zyS4R3s-LIOdjlKXUv6yJvugKiUr4trpKBbWGbdzO_3d/s320/Forest+fire+sita+falls1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSqgfV74X9dclD0ijkZHWQ8A8DW6QZdU3yp4H_-UPLuEMB3jrvkyJ6MVTVkOirdiYgEoXFYuF8xofQeZ7nmXBmwV-ewJoUv0Dn7mm0T10kMg1a8MWF-uyPwzGU9mHyei-xOuBWuZz6oT0d/s2048/Forest+fire+sita+falls3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1366" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSqgfV74X9dclD0ijkZHWQ8A8DW6QZdU3yp4H_-UPLuEMB3jrvkyJ6MVTVkOirdiYgEoXFYuF8xofQeZ7nmXBmwV-ewJoUv0Dn7mm0T10kMg1a8MWF-uyPwzGU9mHyei-xOuBWuZz6oT0d/s320/Forest+fire+sita+falls3.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">The </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://www3.epa.gov/ttnamti1/files/ambient/smoke/wildgd.pdf" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; outline: none; transition: color 0.8s linear 0s;"><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: windowtext; padding: 0cm; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit;">composition</span></span></a><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit;"> of wildfire smoke is primarily made of carbon dioxide,
water vapor, carbon monoxide, particulate matter, hydrocarbons and other
organic chemicals, nitrogen oxides, and many other trace elements. However,
smoke composition can vary, depending on the fuel type, fire temperature, and
wind conditions. Of these pollutants, particulate matter (PM) is the most
concerning, given their very small size and ability to be inhaled deeply into
the lungs.</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">Exposure to PM generated from wildfires has been
associated with a wide range of </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://assets.climatecentral.org/pdfs/WildfiresAndAirPollution.pdf" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; outline: none; transition: color 0.8s linear 0s;"><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: windowtext; padding: 0cm; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit;">human
health effects</span></span></a><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit;">, such as wheezing, coughing,
sore eyes and throats, and shortness of breath, to more adverse health
outcomes, ranging from increases in asthma-related hospitalizations, chronic
and acute respiratory and cardiovascular health outcomes, and premature death.</span></span><span style="background: white;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit;"><br /></span></span></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="background: white; color: #292929; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.05pt; line-height: 115%;">But why did these fires
happen in Jharkhand? <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;"><span style="background: white; color: #202122; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ranchi has a hilly
topography and its dense </span><b><span style="background: white; color: #202124; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Tropical
Dry Deciduous forest</span></b><span style="background: white; color: #202122; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> a combination that produces a relatively moderate climate
compared to the rest of the state.</span><span style="background: white; color: #292929; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.05pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Forest fires lit
by villagers to collect mahua (</span><span style="background: white; color: #202124; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Madhuca longifolia</span> )<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> – a wild flower used for making country liquor – is posing
to be a threat to the flora and fauna in Jharkhand jungles. Mahua, which grows
in abundance in the forest areas of Jharkhand, falls off the trees during
spring. However, these flowers are often covered by a layer of dry leaves,
which make it difficult for villagers to find and collect Mahua. Villagers set
forest areas afire to clear the leaves and easily spot mahua flowers,
which are unaffected by fire. </span><span style="background: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">Villagers also make
charcoal</span><span style="background: white; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">. On a basic level, </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">charcoal</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;"> is </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">produced</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;"> by burning wood </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">in a low oxygen environment. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"></p><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;"><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><br /><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="background: white;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /> </span></span></div></div><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background: white; line-height: 115%;"><b style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></b></span></p><div style="text-align: left;"></div>Environment and Geologyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06742566655127435206noreply@blogger.com0Ranchi, Jharkhand, India23.3440997 85.309562-4.9661341361788445 50.153312 51.654333536178846 120.465812tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5236125790665654449.post-15042707900598221272020-11-28T13:12:00.000+05:302020-11-28T13:12:32.414+05:30Danger in the hills of Ranchi district in Jharkhand State of India.<p> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; line-height: 115%;">Hills
are becoming vulnerable to major land slides in future.</span></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">by </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dr. Nitish Priyadarshi</span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Geologist and Assistant Professor,</span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Department of Geology,</span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ranchi University,</span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">India.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Below are the photographs of the hills around Ranchi
the capital city of Jharkhand state of India. During my recent visit to these
hills in Patratu valley and Angada block I saw some of the areas which are vulnerable to major land slides in
coming future. </span><br /></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfTpejEHJ0N5__VKDiAuT6PWgHii0wnzKjAUXeKWmWmdO1fiAawSUGF3JZVhlQmO3FAfen42faLPgFy2RUqil0oSfzeO5a4LJMVg7zyVBV3oW1UrSyuA-IlLd0PAYRNU3c5VwYve7SiOGP/s2048/Landslide.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1369" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfTpejEHJ0N5__VKDiAuT6PWgHii0wnzKjAUXeKWmWmdO1fiAawSUGF3JZVhlQmO3FAfen42faLPgFy2RUqil0oSfzeO5a4LJMVg7zyVBV3oW1UrSyuA-IlLd0PAYRNU3c5VwYve7SiOGP/s320/Landslide.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv-04Aw_kTLrxBhHAXxmkX2Ns8MOqvIEyGmMH3cf3kukKBztgi8kjggUsLri6oPee8SwyL4_eDC7Ccg1ik_0Hhy-DqiPaAoeSyuSnNpLp8RuOyO8yHg-tGa3Qidmju-aBGzbwNFZPnLZUR/s2048/Landslide1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; 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text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN8AAaufERe60mKxq_RXXh3H-e20nmqUnp7cIwgPr1CPEcBq4tw4Mr6g5lW7R2OJnJuS_dFobUus0HJoOxTbXhb4RaWbQtFi9CKpkN5VadKH13zOdcAZqHT_ujHI9ydMrORzZgJfvrJ07k/s2048/Landslide3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN8AAaufERe60mKxq_RXXh3H-e20nmqUnp7cIwgPr1CPEcBq4tw4Mr6g5lW7R2OJnJuS_dFobUus0HJoOxTbXhb4RaWbQtFi9CKpkN5VadKH13zOdcAZqHT_ujHI9ydMrORzZgJfvrJ07k/s320/Landslide3.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0fo-2semHu5tsvBRSYdJi4sgmF_HXf-n-9kUhiRLX07N_V8gp2CjiBULn4dRm6kbWhOFUEfX30NsUzesbnNqnvXK62CBDlpWbt00BqSYiAKyGwbFWPvzgtllNtyV5Nx0HPhZyVM15Jctu/s2048/Landslide4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; 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</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Most of the hills are highly weathered. They are steep-sided
residual hills made of massive granite-gneiss. Few hills especially in Angada
block and Patratu valley near Ranchi are showing the trend of landslides. Many
slopes are already in delicate equilibrium and slight increase in rainfall and
human interference may trigger the land slides under the influence of gravity. The
flow of the <span style="background: white;">Nalkari river, the tributary of
Damodar river, can get blocked due to possible land slide in the Patratu valley
. Nalkari river contributes water to the Patratu Dam. Excessive precipitation are
the <b>frequent</b> cause for <b>landslides</b> which
weakens the slope materials.</span> Other factors that weaken slope materials
also contribute to the occurrence of landslides.</span> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ranchi receives
1200 to 1600 mm annual rainfall. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most of
the hills are having steeper slopes so they are more exposed to rapid erosion
than the gentler ones.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many hills of the Ranchi plateau are <span style="background: white;">highly susceptible to slope instability due to the
immature and rugged topography, fragile rock conditions, and high rainfall. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Ranchi Plateau, composed mostly
of gneisses and granites, is about 2000 ft. above sea level. The topography is
roughly undulating with terraced slopes ending on the one hand on the banks of
a local stream and on the other in local upland which may or may not have a low
hill, or which may or may not consist of solid rocks exposed bare soils.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The present topographic features of
Chotanagpur<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>( Ranchi plateau) are a clue
to the past and geologists think that before the Himalayan movement started in
Tertiary times Chotanagpur and adjoining areas were a low peneplain. As a
side-effects of the violent Himalayan movements, parts of peninsular upland in
general and Chotanagpur peneplain in particular began to be successively
uplifted. The Himalayan movements occurred three times during Early and Late
Tertiary and Pleistocene times and probably the Chotanagpur peneplain was also
concurrently subjected to three successive uplifts. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Landslides occur when the slope (or
a portion of it) undergoes some processes that change its condition from stable
to unstable. This is essentially due to a decrease in the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shear_strength_(soil)" title="Shear strength (soil)"><span style="background: white; color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">shear strength</span></a><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> of the slope material, to an increase in the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shear_stress" title="Shear stress"><span style="background: white; color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">shear
stress</span></a><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> borne by the material, or to
a combination of the two. A change in the stability of a slope can be caused by
a number of factors, acting together or alone.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Landslides can be initiated in slopes already on the
verge of movement by rainfall, snowmelt, changes in water level, stream
erosion, changes in ground water, earthquakes, volcanic activity, disturbance
by human activities, or any combination of these factors.<span style="background: white;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Causes of landslides in Ranchi
plateau include:</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #202122; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Saturation by rain
water infiltration.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #202122; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Increase of pore water
pressure by rain water infiltration.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #202122; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Increase of hydrostatic
pressure in cracks and fractures.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #202122; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Physical and chemical
weathering.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #202122; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Deforestation,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tillage" title="Tillage"><span style="background: white; color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">cultivation</span></a><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> and </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction" title="Construction"><span style="background: white; color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">construction</span></a><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #202122; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explosive_material"><span style="background: white; color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Blasting</span></a><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> and </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining" title="Mining"><span style="background: white; color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">mining</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">.</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #202122; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Erosion by river flows. </span></p>
Environment and Geologyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06742566655127435206noreply@blogger.com0Ranchi, Jharkhand, India23.3440997 85.309562-4.9661341361788445 50.153312 51.654333536178846 120.465812tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5236125790665654449.post-7140505519593569562020-09-10T12:48:00.000+05:302020-09-10T12:48:13.876+05:30Why Indian farmers must give preference to less water consuming crops. <p> </p><h3 style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">India draws 80% of its irrigation
water from groundwater.</span></h3>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">By</p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">Dr. Nitish
Priyadarshi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">Professor, Department
of Geology</p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">Ranchi University.</p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4TbWs__dTv0TJo9OssifxYY7TjTr_Vp5k_CoK8nyiTwFmP6cezl_OxpSY2p7WF24Y9_rdJOtidb2XNsmr1pX4Jstq1u6UPVIxkXC_1hRWiJ1Tq2ABBx_u58tjYvAQKSZYkgX0_5MKqEym/s2048/Rice1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1366" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4TbWs__dTv0TJo9OssifxYY7TjTr_Vp5k_CoK8nyiTwFmP6cezl_OxpSY2p7WF24Y9_rdJOtidb2XNsmr1pX4Jstq1u6UPVIxkXC_1hRWiJ1Tq2ABBx_u58tjYvAQKSZYkgX0_5MKqEym/s320/Rice1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i>Fig.1. Agricultural land near Ranchi.</i></div><div><br /></div><br /><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyYaG818mTyma8v10uZqhCNrWF3JkrDtmAuYn4A24bEQyj3y__uRVQrIKyQbWXslDBNNuTuLMJShaB9aJHUBJZfU3MUoVRpyr028GObZ3qM1AWRR0CqI562OqFI46C3THhSbODkP9-inJK/s2048/Rice.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1366" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyYaG818mTyma8v10uZqhCNrWF3JkrDtmAuYn4A24bEQyj3y__uRVQrIKyQbWXslDBNNuTuLMJShaB9aJHUBJZfU3MUoVRpyr028GObZ3qM1AWRR0CqI562OqFI46C3THhSbODkP9-inJK/s320/Rice.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><i>Fig.2. Agricultural land after removing the forest cover near Ranchi.</i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div><h6><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">More than two
billion people worldwide live in regions facing water scarcity and in India
this is a particularly acute crisis.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Millions
of Indians currently lack access to clean drinking water, and the situation is
only getting worse. India’s demand for water is growing at an alarming rate.
India currently has the world’s second largest population, which is expected to
overtake China’s by 2050 when it reaches a staggering 1.6 billion,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>putting increase strain on water
resources as the number of people grows.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>A
rapidly growing economy and a large agricultural sector stretch India’s supply
of water even thinner.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><o:p></o:p></span></h6>
<h6><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Climate change
is one of many forces contributing to an unfolding water crisis. In the coming
years, the demand for water will increase as food production grows, populations
grow and move, industries develop and consumption increases. This can lead to
water stress, as increasing demand and use of water strain available supplies.<o:p></o:p></span></h6>
<h6><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Water scarcity
is one of the greatest challenges of the twenty-first century. Agriculture,
encompassing crops, livestock, fisheries, aquaculture and forestry, is both a
cause and a victim of water scarcity. It accounts for the bulk of global water
withdrawals. With rising temperatures intensifying demand, in combination with
more frequent and severe weather extremes impacting production, the need to
address water scarcity in agriculture is apparent. Water withdrawals increased
at almost twice the rate of the population in the twentieth century, and a 50
percent surge in food demand is expected by 2050. These matters most severely
affect water-scarce regions, as well as areas where a lack of infrastructure or
capacity prevents sufficient access to water. It is clear that there is an
urgent need to address water scarcity.<o:p></o:p></span></h6><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdbNLtkeEXSwkF8z6TxE3BTRPScUX_8R9em07rtbwdnkFbOcikXsVDOAJWc1gzXpFKPeGtOOrMZPO7WxHLMYjTG_fx4WJ82dLnYOwxgogy7Ct7ZFquS-fl8xnJThX1KJKqloY_AYCC10Go/s2048/Dry+river.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1366" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdbNLtkeEXSwkF8z6TxE3BTRPScUX_8R9em07rtbwdnkFbOcikXsVDOAJWc1gzXpFKPeGtOOrMZPO7WxHLMYjTG_fx4WJ82dLnYOwxgogy7Ct7ZFquS-fl8xnJThX1KJKqloY_AYCC10Go/s320/Dry+river.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i>Fig.3 Dry river bed in Hazaribag dist. Jharkhand.</i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo11dEjGPvflu4kVyhT_XRnJc9xExgPpAkhQ3OaMWueAK4Snfk1-256_4VrHL_CTDiOOdHFP5JMwE9bAL7o71QZll0K70_BFd0DqYTxsXRBbLLazXaeMPv_pjvoBUQyEerXxSENXioA2zh/s2048/Dry+river1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1366" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo11dEjGPvflu4kVyhT_XRnJc9xExgPpAkhQ3OaMWueAK4Snfk1-256_4VrHL_CTDiOOdHFP5JMwE9bAL7o71QZll0K70_BFd0DqYTxsXRBbLLazXaeMPv_pjvoBUQyEerXxSENXioA2zh/s320/Dry+river1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i>Fig.4 Dry river in coal mines area of Hazaribag dist. Jharkhand.</i></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Food and water are connected. Have you ever looked
at a plate of food and wondered, “How much water it takes to make it?” The
world is facing a water crisis. It is estimated that over2 billion people are
affected by water shortages in over 40 countries, and the extensive withdrawal
of water for agriculture from river, lakes and aquifers results in limited
supplies for other human needs, such as drinking, washing, cooking and
sanitation. According to the UN World Water Development Report, the average
supply of water per person will drop by a third in the next two decades.
Agriculture is by far the biggest user of water. Because of this, the water
that a person ‘eats’ everyday contained in food products is much larger than
the volume of water a person drinks. Of all freshwater with drawn for human
use, industrial and house hold uses account for 20 and 10 percent respectively,
while agriculture consumes on average around 70 percent and much more in some
locations. Furthermore, it is expected that by 2030 the global average agricultural
water withdrawal for irrigation itself will be some 14 percent higher. India, with a population of approximately
1.35 billion, is facing four different ecological threats including water
stress, droughts and cyclones. Nearly 40 per cent of India's population or 600
million people live in areas affected by reduced rainfall and droughts<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><a href="https://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2018/07/04/india-crop-swapping-water-nutrition/">India
will need to feed approximately 394 million more people by 2050, and that’s
going to be a significant challenge. Nutrient deficiencies are already
widespread in India today—30 percent or more are anemic—and many regions are
chronically water-stressed. Making matters worse, evidence suggests that
monsoons are delivering less rainfall than they used to.</a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"> But a study </span><a href="http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/7/eaao1108"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">published today</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"> in <i>Science Advances</i>
shares a brighter outlook: replacing some rice with less thirsty crops could
dramatically reduce water demand in India, while also improving nutrition.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Starting
in the 1960s, a boom in rice and wheat production helped reduce hunger
throughout India. Unfortunately, this </span><a href="http://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2015/07/16/has-the-green-revolution-really-succeeded/"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Green Revolution</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"> also took a toll on the
environment, increasing demands on the water supply, greenhouse gas emissions,
and pollution from fertilizer.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">“If we
continue to go the route of rice and wheat, with unsustainable resource use and
increasing climate variability, it’s unclear how long we could keep that
practice up,” says </span><a href="http://www.earth.columbia.edu/articles/view/58#Davis"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Kyle Davis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">, a fellow at Columbia
University’s Earth Institute and lead author on the new study. “That’s why
we’re thinking of ways to better align </span><a href="http://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2017/11/06/swapping-where-crops-are-grown-could-feed-an-extra-825-million-people/"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">food security and environmental
goals</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">The study
addresses two key objectives of the Indian government: to reduce
undernourishment and improve nutrition, and to promote sustainable water use.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Davis and
his colleagues studied six major grains currently grown in India: rice, wheat,
maize, sorghum, and pearl and finger millet. For each crop, they compared
yield, water use, and nutritional values such as calories, protein, iron, and
zinc.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Rice
tends not to be a water-efficient crop. They found that rice is the least
water-efficient cereal when it comes to producing nutrients, and that wheat has
been the main driver in increasing irrigation stresses.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">The
potential benefits of replacing rice with alternative crops varied widely
between different regions, depending on how much the crops could rely on
rainfall instead of irrigation. But overall, the researchers found that
replacing rice with maize, finger millet, pearl millet, or sorghum could reduce
irrigation water demand by 33 percent, while improving production of iron by 27
percent and zinc by 13 percent.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">In some
instances, those improvements came with a slight reduction in the number of calories
produced, because rice has been bred to have higher yields per unit of land. So
in some regions there’s a trade off between water and land use efficiency, but
Davis thinks that with more attention from scientists, the alternative crops
could develop higher yields as well. For now, rice replacement isn’t a
one-size-fits-all solution, but something that should be evaluated on a
case-by-case basis for each district, he said.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">In many
places in India, grains such as pearl millet could use less water and be more
nutritious than rice. In addition, the team wants to study Indian food
preferences, to see if people would be willing to incorporate more of these
alternative cereals into their diets. Davis is hopeful; “There are places
around India where these crops continue to be consumed in pretty large
amounts,” he says, “and there were even more a generation or two ago, so it’s
still within the cultural memory.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Momentum
is already growing in support of alternative grains. Some Indian states are
have already started pilot programs to grow more of these crops, and the Indian
government had called 2018 the ‘Year of
Millets.’<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p>In the scope of Indian agriculture, a variety of crops is cultivated in
India due to the vastly distinct weather and soil conditions that are available
in various topographies across the country. These crops are majorly divided
into food grains, cash crops, plantation crops and horticulture crops. Water is
one of the essential resources that are required for proper growth of these
crops. The majority of the farmers are still dependant on growing <strong><i>water
intensive crops</i></strong>. Irrigation water, exclusive of precipitation and
stored moisture, is required to meet the consumption rate of a crop during its
growth period. But the amount of irrigation water required differs for each
plant, not only because different plants need to survive different
environments, but also because each plant has its own unique physical features.
The rural Indian population is largely dependent on agriculture as its primary
source of livelihood. Agriculture is one of the major contributors to India’s
GDP, with an 18% share (<a href="https://home.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/pdf/2016/04/KPMG-Flash-News-India-Economic-Survey-2015-16%E2%80%93Key-Highlights-3.pdf"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration-line: none;">KPMG report</span></a>),
this population plays an integral role in the Indian Economy.</p>
<p>In this regard, we would like to highlight some of the <strong><i>most water
intensive crops</i></strong><em> </em>that are popularly grown by Indian
farmers</p>
<h3 align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Rice</span></h3>
<p>Rice acts as one of the most important staple food in the world and India is
one of its largest producers. However, its production requires a great quantity
of water. The rise in population has led to an increase in the demand for food
crops; in turn escalating the amount of water required for irrigating them.
Traditional farming <a href="https://claroenergy.in/5-most-water-intensive-crops/">needs 3,000 to
5,000 liters of water to produce a kilo of rice.</a> The crop requires flooded
soil for its growth as it suppresses weed growth and increases the uptake of
nutrients from the soil for better yield. In India, it is grown in Jharkhand, West
Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Punjab, Bihar, Orissa, Chhattisgarh,
Assam, Tamil Nadu and Haryana.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">The
researchers modelled the impact of different crops on water use and the
provision of four key nutrients—iron, zinc, protein, and calories—across
several regions of India. When compared with other cereal crops like sorghum,
maize, and millet, the wheat and rice just didn’t stack up, water- and
nutrition-wise. In particular, the researchers found that rice provided
the least nutrition for the amount of water consumed. Replacing rice paddies
with other grains, the study found, would collectively cut irrigation by 33%
across the country. This would also boost the quantity of available nutrients
overall, crucially increasing iron by 27%, and zinc by 13% (but protein by only
1%).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><o:p> </o:p></p>
<h3 align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Cotton</span></h3>
<p>Also known as ‘white gold’, Cotton is a Kharif crop. India is one of the
largest producers as well as exporters of cotton yarn. On an average, India
uses <a href="https://claroenergy.in/5-most-water-intensive-crops/">22,500
liters of water to produce 1 kg of cotton.</a> Most Indian cotton is grown in
drier regions. States cultivating this crop the most are Gujarat, Maharashtra,
Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Tamil
Nadu and Orissa.</p>
<h3 align="center" style="text-align: center;">Sugarcane</h3>
<p>India is the second largest producer of this popular cash crop. It has one
of the longest growing periods and its growth can come to an untimely halt if
there is a shortage of water. Generally crops require 300-500mm of
rainfall/water for their growth; however, <a href="http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/about_freshwater/freshwater_problems/thirsty_crops/"><strong>sugar cane requires
1,500-2,500mm of rainfall/water</strong></a> to complete the growth
cycle. Therefore, the crop requires 1500-3000 liters of water to produce a kilo
of sugarcane! In India, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu,
Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Uttarakhand, and Punjab are the major
producers of this crop. <a href="https://wwfeu.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/wwfbookletthirstycrops.pdf">Sugar
cane is a deep-rooted crop grown in warm countries which, unlike most seasonal
crops, remains in the soil all year round and as a result uses a lot of water.</a>
Even in areas where sugarcane is not irrigated, the crop can have a great
impact on river flow as it reduces run-off from the catchment into rivers and
draws heavily on ground water resources. Sugar is also produced from sugar
beet, especially in Europe, and alternative sweeteners are also made from other
crops such as maize.</p>
<h3 align="center" style="text-align: center;">Soya</h3>
<p>With 12 million tons of production; <a href="http://www.gktoday.in/blog/key-facts-about-soyabean-production-in-india/">Soybean
is one of the fastest growing crops in India</a>. The crop is considered
to be well suited for Indian soil. A major source of protein, vegetable oil,
and animal feed, the crop requires around <strong>900 liters of water for 1
kilo</strong> worth produce. This crop is majorly grown in Madhya Pradesh,
Maharashtra, and Rajasthan.</p>
<h3 align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Wheat</span></h3>
<p>After the Green Revolution, wheat production in India has been on the rise.
After rice, wheat is the most consumed crop by the Indian population. Not just
that, our country is also one of the largest exporters of all varieties of
wheat, making us the second largest producer of the crop worldwide. However,
the fact that cannot be ignored is that <a href="http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/about_freshwater/freshwater_problems/thirsty_crops/"><strong>900 litres of water is
required to produce 1kg of wheat</strong></a>. In India, this crop’s
production is mainly in the northern region – Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Madhya
Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Bihar, Gujarat, Maharashtra, West Bengal and
Uttarakhand are the major producers of this crop.</p>
<p>We can, therefore, see how Economic growth is indirectly dependent on fresh
water. There needs to be an understanding that for greater agricultural
productivity, for there to be a better harvest, there needs to be enough water.
If water is used up by such water-intensive crops, there will come a time when
there will be no water for agriculture. Most of these crops are grown in dry
areas, which do not receive ample rainfall, and the farmers are either
dependent on other freshwater sources or groundwater pumps. In a country like
India, where <a href="http://swachhindia.ndtv.com/76-million-dont-have-safe-drinking-water-indias-looming-water-crisis-5606/"><b><i>76
million people do not have access to safe drinking water</i></b></a><strong><i>,
using up a great amount of water in such crops seems unfair.</i></strong><em> </em>Water
intensive agriculture takes away liters of water that can be used to help a
significant population survive. Cultivation of these crops has even endangered
some areas of water scarcity. In fact, due to intense drought conditions year
after year, there have been multiple pleas by local officials for farmers to
switch to pulses and oilseeds in Rampur. Tamil Nadu government has also asked
farmers to switch to millets and pulses from rice, as the new crops will use
less water and are as nutritious. However, in some areas, switching to
different crops cannot be considered an ideal solution because of climatic
limitations, soil requirements etc, therefore, a switch to better irrigation
techniques like drip irrigation can be taken up. Furthermore, groundwater
irrigation pumps are either dependent on irregular grid electricity or diesel,
causing additional strain on the current environmental conditions. Solar
powered pumps can be considered a model solution to overcome that problem.
The water needs of these crops need to be considered to formulate an immediate
solution. </p>
<p class="6bdca"><a href="https://qz.com/india/1331133/indias-obsession-with-rice-and-wheat-is-worsening-its-water-crisis/">By
2050, the country will have to feed almost 400 million more people, and already
30% of the population are undernourished because they lack enough iron in their
diets. What’s more, water availability has become increasingly threatened as
groundwater extraction intensifies, and climate change makes rainfall less
predictable. That puts wheat and rice–two of the country’s most important and
thirsty crops–under threat. But the new Columbia University-led research shows
that with some agricultural tweaks, India might be able to dodge this fate.</a></p>
<p class="6bdca">To switch crops on this scale, India would also have to reckon
with its deep-seated, historical appetite for rice and wheat, the researchers
say. In the 1960s, an agricultural boom in the country suddenly elevated these
two crops to star status. That’s since been upheld by government subsidies
which encourage farmers to keep producing these valuable staples–especially
since India is the world’s <a href="http://www.worldstopexports.com/rice-exports-country/">biggest exporter
of rice</a>.</p>
<p class="6bdca">If Indian farmers replaced plots of water-guzzling rice and
wheat with less thirsty crops, this moderate shift could cut down the country’s
water consumption by a whopping one-third. Plus, crop-swapping would have the
added benefit of boosting national nutrition, a new <a href="http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/7/eaao1108"><i>Science Advances</i> study</a> finds.</p>
<p class="6bdca">Now, decades later, the country is having to deal with excessive
water use (and compromised nutrition) as the flip side to this agricultural
boom. With climate change now complicating things further, having a greater
variety of staple crops could make India’s agricultural sector more
resilient–whereas relying on just one or two major staple crops would leave the
agricultural system vulnerable to drought and other threats. And, if this new
crop model works, India could become an example for other parts of the world.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">India’s agricultural sector currently uses about 90% of total
water resources. Irrigated agriculture has been fundamental to economic
development, but unfortunately caused groundwater depletion.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Due to water pollution in rivers,
India draws 80% of its irrigation water from groundwater.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>As water scarcity becomes a bigger and
bigger problem, rural and farming areas will most likely be hit the hardest.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Thus far, food security has been one
of the highest priorities for politicians, and the large farming lobby has
grown accustomed to cheap electricity, which allows extremely fast pumping of
groundwater, which<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>is something
they are unwilling to give up for the sake of water conservation.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>If India wants to maintain its level
of food security, farmers will have to switch to less water intensive crops.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Otherwise India will end up being a
net importer of food, which would have massive ramifications for the global
price of grain.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="6bdca"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="6bdca">Reference: </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a href="https://qz.com/india/1331133/indias-obsession-with-rice-and-wheat-is-worsening-its-water-crisis/"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">https://qz.com/india/1331133/indias-obsession-with-rice-and-wheat-is-worsening-its-water-crisis/</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"> </span></p>
<p><a href="https://www.iflscience.com/environment/rice-and-wheat-production-use-more-water-than-all-other-crops-put-together/">https://www.iflscience.com/environment/rice-and-wheat-production-use-more-water-than-all-other-crops-put-together/</a></p>
<p><a href="https://claroenergy.in/5-most-water-intensive-crops/">https://claroenergy.in/5-most-water-intensive-crops/</a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">ttps://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2018/07/04/india-crop-swapping-water-nutrition/</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5604e.pdf">http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5604e.pdf</a></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></div>Environment and Geologyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06742566655127435206noreply@blogger.com0Ranchi, Jharkhand, India23.3440997 85.309562-51.220817873811825 -55.315438 90 -134.06543799999997tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5236125790665654449.post-26890076397679430532020-07-22T13:30:00.000+05:302020-07-22T13:30:41.161+05:30Jupiter with four moons.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span class="break-words"><span dir="ltr">On the night of 18th July I
saw a bright shining star in the sky. It fascinated me. Just for the curiosity
I took the photographs from different angle of this star. The next day I tried to zoom it on
my computer and I got this result. It was the Jupiter with its four
moons. Sometimes experiment gives surprise results.</span></span><br />
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Environment and Geologyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06742566655127435206noreply@blogger.com0Ranchi, Jharkhand, India23.3440997 85.30956223.1108367 84.9868385 23.577362700000002 85.6322855tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5236125790665654449.post-17271114527790757542020-06-21T19:52:00.000+05:302020-06-21T19:52:31.932+05:30Sun eclipse in Ranchi city on 21st June 2020.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Environment and Geologyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06742566655127435206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5236125790665654449.post-38663702388744055582020-04-15T12:16:00.000+05:302020-04-15T12:16:25.747+05:30कोरोना का डर पहुंचा रहा है पर्यावरण को फायदा ?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h4 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";"><b>प्रकृति अपनी मरम्मत
खुद करती नजर आ रही है। </b></span></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">डा</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">नितीश</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">प्रियदर्शी</span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">पर्यावरणविद</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">एवं</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">प्रोफेसर</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">भूगर्भ</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">विज्ञानं</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">विभाग</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">रांची</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">विश्वविद्यालय।</span></div>
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<span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">मनुष्य</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">इस</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">पृथ्वी</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">पर</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">रहने</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">वाला</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">एकमात्र</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">ऐसा</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">जीव</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">है</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">जो</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">की</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">पृथ्वी</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">के</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">तमाम</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">संसाधनों</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">का</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">बेतरतीब</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">तरीके</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">से</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">दोहन</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">करता</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">है।</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">एक</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">वक्त</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">ऐसा</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">था</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">जब</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">इस</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">पृथ्वी</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">पर</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">इंसान</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">तो</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">थे</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">लेकिन</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">वे</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">एकदम</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">सीमित</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">संख्या</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">और</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">स्थान</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">पर</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">निवास</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">करते</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">थे</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">जिसके</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">कारण</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">पृथ्वी</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">का</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">समन्वय</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">बना</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">हुआ</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">था</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">परन्तु</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">समय</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">के</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">साथ</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">खेती</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">की</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">खोज</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">हुयी</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">और</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">मनुष्यों</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">ने</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">एक</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">स्थान</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">पर</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">रहना</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">शुरू</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">कर</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">दिया</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">और</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">उद्योगों</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">आदि</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">की</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">स्थापना</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">की।</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">विभिन्न</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">धातुओं</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">के</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">खोज</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">के</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">साथ</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">ही</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">मनुष्य</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">की</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">महत्वाकांक्षा</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">बढती</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">चली</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">गयी</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">और</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">मनुष्यों</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">ने</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">पृथ्वी</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">का</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">दोहन</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">शुरू</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">किया</span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Documents/Corona%20and%20environment.docx#_top"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">।</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">इसी</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";">
</span><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">दोहन</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">के</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">कारण</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";">
</span><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">मौसम</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">के</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">कई</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";">
</span><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">परिवर्तन</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">आये</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";">
</span><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">जिसने</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">हजारों</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";">
</span><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">बीमारियों</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">को</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">जन्म</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";">
</span><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">दिया</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">इन्ही</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";">
</span><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">बीमारियों</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">ने</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">महामारी</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">का</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">रूप</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";">
</span><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">ले</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">लिया।</span></a><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">उद्योगीकरण</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">और</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">वैश्वीकरण</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">ने</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">खाद्य</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">से</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">लेकर</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">जल</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">तक</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">को</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">अशुद्ध</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">कर</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">दिया</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">जिसने</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">बीमारियों</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">को</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">निमंत्रण</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">देने</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">का</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">कार्य</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">किया। <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">इसने</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">न</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">ही</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">मनुष्यों</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">पर</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">बल्कि</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">जानवरों</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">और</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">जीवों</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">पर</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">भी</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">एक</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">बहुत</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">ही</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">गहरा</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">प्रभाव</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">डाला।</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">जनसँख्या</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">बढ़ने</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">के</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">कारण</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">मनुष्य</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">जीवों</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">का</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">शिकार</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">बड़ी</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">संख्या</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">पर</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">करने</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">लगा</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">जिससे</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">कई</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">प्रजातियां</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">विलुप्त</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">हो</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">गयी</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">जिनका</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">एक</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">अत्यन्त</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">ही</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">महत्वपूर्ण</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">योगदान</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">हुआ</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">करता</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">था</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">पृथ्वी</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">के</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">पारिस्थितिकी</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">तंत्र</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">को</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">बनाए</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">रखने</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">में।</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">मनुष्यों</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">की</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">इस</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">आक्रामकता</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">ने</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">जीवों</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">के</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">साथ</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">साथ</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">वनस्पति</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">और</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">पारिस्थितिकी</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">को</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">इतना</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">नुक्सान</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">पहुचाया</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">है</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">जिसकी</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">कोई</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">सीमा</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">ही</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">नहीं</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">है।</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">वर्तमान</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">समय</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">में</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">कोरोना</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">ने</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">पूरे</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">विश्व</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">भर</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">में</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">एक</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">अत्यंत</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">ही</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">घातक</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">महामारी</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">का</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">रूप</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">ले</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">लिया</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">है।</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">इस</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">महामारी</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">के</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">चलते</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">आज</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">विश्व</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">भर</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">के</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">तमाम</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">देश</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">पूर्ण</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">रूप</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">से</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">बंद</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">कर</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">दिए</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">गए</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">हैं</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">तथा</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">वहां</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">पर</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">कर्फ्यू</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">लगा</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">दिया</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">गया</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">है।</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">इस</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">कर्फ्यू</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">के</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">लगते</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">लोगों</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">का</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">बाहर</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">निकलना</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">बंद</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">हो</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">चुका</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">है।</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">उद्योग</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">बंद</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">हो</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">चुके</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">हैं</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">तथा</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">शिकार</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">आदि</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">भी</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">ख़त्म</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">हो</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">चुके</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">हैं।</span></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">इस</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">महामारी</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">के</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">चलते</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">दुनिया</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">भर</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">के</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">पर्यावरण</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">पर</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">एक</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">साफ</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">प्रभाव</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">देखने</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">को</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">मिल</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">रहा</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">है</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">और</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">यह</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">प्रभाव</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">है</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">पर्यावरण</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">के</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">हित</span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif";"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">में।</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Documents/Corona%20and%20environment.docx#_top"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">कोविड-19
के कारण दुनिया के कई हिस्सों में लॉकडाउन के कारण ना केवल शहरों में प्रकृति की छटा
फैली है बल्कि खुद धरती के सीस्मिक कंपन भी कम हो गए हैं। बेल्जियम की रॉयल ऑब्जर्वेट्री के विशेषज्ञों के
अनुसार, विश्व के कई हिस्सों में जारी लॉकडाउन के कारण धरती की ऊपरी सतह पर कंपन कम
हुए हैं।</span></a><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";"> भूकंप वैज्ञानिक यानि सीस्मोलॉजिस्ट को धरती के
सीस्मिक नॉयज और कंपन में कमी देखने को मिली है।</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Documents/Corona%20and%20environment.docx#_top"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">‘सीस्मिक नॉयज'</span></a><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";"> वह
शोर है जो धरती की बाहरी सतह यानि क्रस्ट पर होने वाले कंपन के कारण धरती के भीतर एक
शोर के रूप में सुनाई देता है। इस साउंड को सटीक तौर पर मापने के लिए रिसर्चर और भूविज्ञानी
एक डिटेक्टर की रीडिंग का सहारा लेते हैं जो कि धरती की सतह से 100 मीटर की गहराई में
गाड़ा जाता है। लेकिन फिलहाल धरती की सतह पर कंपन पैदा करने वाली इंसानी गतिविधियां
काफी कम होने के कारण इस साउंड की गणना सतह पर ही हो पा रही है।<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">24 मार्च से भारत में
लागू देशव्यापी लॉकडाउन के कारण देश के कई हिस्सों में भी इंसानी गतिविधियों की रफ्तार
थमी है और इस दौरान प्रकृति अपनी मरम्मत खुद करती नजर आ रही है। पंजाब के जालंधर में रहने वालों ने बीते दिनों ऐसी
तस्वीरें साझा की हैं जिनमें वहां से लोगों को हिमाचल प्रदेश में स्थित धौलाधार पर्वत
श्रृंखला की चोटियां दिख रहीं हैं।<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Documents/Corona%20and%20environment.docx#_top"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">भारत
में कई राज्यों से उन नदियों के अचानक साफ हो जाने की खबरें आ रही हैं जिनके प्रदूषण
को दूर करने के असफल प्रयास दशकों से चल रहे हैं।
दिल्ली की जीवनदायिनी यमुना नदी के
बारे में भी ऐसी ही खबरें आ रही हैं। पिछले
दिनों सोशल मीडिया पर कई तस्वीरें आईं जिन्हें डालने वालों ने दावा किया कि दिल्ली
में जिस यमुना का पानी काला और झाग भरा हुआ करता था, उसी यमुना में आज कल साफ पानी
बह रहा है।</span></a><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">
<span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">दुनिया</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">भर</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">में</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">कोरोना</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">वायरस</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">से</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">संक्रमित</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">लोगों</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">संख्या</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">सवा</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">छह</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">लाख</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">करीब</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">पहुंच</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">चुकी</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">है।</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">कई</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">देशों</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">में</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">पूरी</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">तरह</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">लॉकडाउन</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">है।</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">भारत</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">समेत</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">दुनिया</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">एक</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">तिहाई</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">जनसंख्या</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">अपने</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">घरों</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">में</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">कैद</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">है।</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">लॉकडाउन</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">बीच</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">आर्थिक</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">नुकसान</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">जरूर</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">हो</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">रहा</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">है।</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">इस</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">बीच</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">एक</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">सुकून</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">भरी</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">खबर</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">भी</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">है।</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">गाड़ियों</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">आवाजाही</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">पर</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">रोक</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">लगने</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">और</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">ज्यादातर</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">कारखानें</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">बंद</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">होने</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">बाद</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">दुनिया</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">समेत</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">देश</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">कई</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">शहरों</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">हवा</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">क्वालिटी</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">में</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">जबरदस्त</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">सुधार</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">देखने</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">को</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">मिला</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">है।</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">जिन</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">शहरों</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">एयर</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">क्वालिटी</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">इंडेक्स</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">यानी</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> AQI </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">खतरे</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">निशान</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">से</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">ऊपर</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">होते</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">थे।</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">वहां</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">आसमान</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">गहरा</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">नीला</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">दिखने</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">लगा</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">है।</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">न</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">तो</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">सड़कों</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">पर</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">वाहन</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">चल</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">रहे</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">हैं</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">और</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">न</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">ही</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">आसमां</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">में</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">हवाई</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">जहाज।</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">बिजली</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">उत्पादन</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">और</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">औद्योगिक</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">इकाइयों</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">जैसे</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">अन्य</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">क्षेत्रों</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">में</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">भी</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">बड़ी</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">गिरावट</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">आई</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">है।</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">इससे</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">वातावरण</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">में</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">डस्ट</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">पार्टिकल</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">न</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">बराबर</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">हैं</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">और</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">कार्बन</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">मोनोऑक्साइड</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">का</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">उत्सर्जन</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">भी</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">सामान्य</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">से</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">बहुत</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">अधिक</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">नीचे</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">आ</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">गया</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">है।</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">इस</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">तरह</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">हवा</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">मनुष्यों</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">लिए</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">बेहद</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">लाभदायक</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">है।</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">अगर</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">देखा</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">जाये</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">तो</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">झारखण्ड</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">भी</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">शहरों</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">में</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">इस</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">लॉक</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">डाउन</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">का</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">प्रभाव</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">दिखा</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">रहा</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">है।</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">तापमान</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">ज्यादा</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">होने</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">पे</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">भी</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">उतनी</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">गर्मी</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">नहीं</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">लग</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">रही</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">है</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">जितनी</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">पिछले</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">साल</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">थी।</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">बता</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">दें</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">कि</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">कई</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">महीनों</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">से</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">झारखण्ड</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">में</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">वाहन</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">प्रदूषण</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">खिलाफ</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">जांच</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">अभियान</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">चलाया जा</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">रहा</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">था।</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">जगह</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">-</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">जगह</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">दोपहिये</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">एवं</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">चार</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">पहिये</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">वाहन</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">, </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">मिनी</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">बस</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">और</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">टेंपू</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">समेत</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">विभिन्न</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">कॉमर्शियल</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">वाहनों</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">प्रदूषण</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">स्तर</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">को</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">चेक</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">किया</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">जा</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">रहा</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">था</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">और</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">निर्धारित</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">मात्रा</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">से</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">अधिक</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">प्रदूषण</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">फैलाने</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">वाले</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">वाहनों</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">पर</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">कार्रवाई</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">जा</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">रही</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">थी।</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">इसके</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">बाद</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">भी</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">न</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">तो</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">वाहनों</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">द्वारा</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">छोड़े</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">जा</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">रहे</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">प्रदूषणकारी</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">गैसों</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">मात्रा</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">कम</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">हो</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">रही</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">थी</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">और</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">न</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">ही</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">वायु</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">प्रदूषण</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">में</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">कमी</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">आ</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">रही</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">थी।</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">लेकिन</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">, </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">कोरोना</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">भय</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">से</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">सड़क</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">पर</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">चलने</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">वाले</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">वाहनों</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">संख्या</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">में</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">आयी</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">भारी</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">गिरावट</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">आने</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">कारण</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">पिछले</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">सात</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">-</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">आठ</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">दिनों</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">से</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">इसमें</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">काफी</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">सुधार</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">दिखता</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">है।</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">वाहनों</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">आवाजाही</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">न</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">होने</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">से</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">सड़कों</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">से</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">अब</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">धूल</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">गुबार</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">नहीं</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">उठ</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">रहे</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">हैं।</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">झारखण्ड</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">का</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">एयर</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">क्वालिटी</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">इंडेक्स</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">वायु</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">प्रदुषण</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">कम</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">हो</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">जाने</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">से</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">५०</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> - </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">७०</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">बीच</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">आ</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">गया</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">है</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">जो</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">पिछले</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">साल</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">१५०</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">से</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">२५०</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">तक</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">रहता</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">था।</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">ये</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">हवा</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">मनुष्य</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">स्वस्थ</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">लिए</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">फायदेमंद</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">है।</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">वायु</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">और</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">धुल</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">प्रदुषण</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">काफी</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">कम</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">हो</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">जाने</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">से</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">आसमन</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">में</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">रात</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">को</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">सारे</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">तारे</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">दिखा</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">रहे</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">हैं</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">जो</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">पहले</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">नहीं</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">दीखते</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">थे।</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">ध्वनि</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">प्रदुषण</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">तो</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">इतना</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">कम</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">है</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">आपकी</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">आवाज</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">दूर</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">तक</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">सुनाई</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">दे</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">रही</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">है।</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">चिड़ियों</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">का</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">चहचहाना</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">सुबह</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">से</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">ही</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">शुरू</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">हो</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">जा</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">रहा</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">है।</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">कुछ</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">ऐसी</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">भी</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">चिड़ियाँ</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">नज़र</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">आ</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">रही</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">हैं</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">जो</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">पहले</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">कम</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">दिखती</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">थीं।</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></span><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">इस</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">लॉक</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">डाउन</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">से</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">एक</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">और</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">बड़ा</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">फायदा</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">नदियों</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">को</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">होगा।</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">हर</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">साल</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">प्रदूषित</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">रहने</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">वाली</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">नदियां</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">अब</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">खुल</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">के</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">सांस</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">ले</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">पा</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">रही</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">होंगी।</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">पेड़</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">एवं</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">फूल</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">पौधे</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">भी</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">खुल</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">के</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">सांस</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">ले</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">रहे</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">होंगे</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">क्योंकि</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">उनके</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">पत्तों</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">पे</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">अब</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">कोई</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">धुल</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">कण</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">नहीं</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">बैठ</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">रहा</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">होगा।</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">आने</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">वाले</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">मौसम</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">पर</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">भी</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">इसका</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">प्रभाव</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">पड़ेगा।</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">तापमान</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">हो</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">सकता</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">है</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">की</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">औसत</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">से</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">कम</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">हो।</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">गाड़ियों</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">और</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">फैक्टरियों</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">के</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">बंद</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">होने</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">से</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">ग्रीन</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">हाउस</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">गैस</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">जो</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">ग्लोबल</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">वार्मिंग</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">का</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">प्रमुख</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">कारण</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">है</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">का</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">उत्सर्जन</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">भी</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">नहीं</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">के</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">बराबर</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">होगा।</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/user/Documents/Corona%20and%20environment.docx#_top"><span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">सिस्टम</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">ऑफ</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">एयर</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">क्वालिटी</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">एंड</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">वेदर</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">फोरकास्टिंग</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">एंड</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">रिसर्च</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">के</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">अनुसार</span>, <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">कोरोना</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">वायरस</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">लॉकडाउन</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">के</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">कारण</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">दिल्ली</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">में</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">पीएम</span> 2.5 <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">में</span>
30 <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">फीसद</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">की</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">गिरावट</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">आई</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">है।</span></a> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">अहमदाबाद</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">और</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">पुणे</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">में</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">इसमें</span> 15 <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">फीसद</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">की</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">कमी</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">आई</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">है।नाइट्रोजन</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">ऑक्साइड</span> (<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">एनओएक्स</span>) <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">प्रदूषण</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">का</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">स्तर</span>, <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">भी</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">कम</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">हो</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">गया</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">है।</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">एनओएक्स</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">प्रदूषण</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">मुख्य</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">रूप</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">से</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">ज्यादा</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">वाहनों</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">के</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">चलने</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">से</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">होता</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">है।</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">एनओएक्स</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">प्रदूषण</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">में</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">पुणे</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">में</span> 43 <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">फीसद</span>, <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">मुंबई</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">में</span>
38 <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">फीसद</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">और</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">अहमदाबाद</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">में</span> 50 <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">फीसद</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">की</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">कमी</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">आई</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">है।<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">उम्मीद</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">कर</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">सकते</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">हैं</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">कि</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">एक</span>-<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">दो</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">माह</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">में</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">जब</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">तक</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">देश</span>-<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">दुनिया</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">में</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">कोरोना</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">का</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">असर</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">कम</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">होगा</span>, <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">तब</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">तक</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">प्रकृति</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">और</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">भी</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">ज्यादा</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">साफ</span>-<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">सुथरी</span>, <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">खिली</span>-<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">खिली</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">और</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">अधिक</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">महकी</span>-<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">महकी</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">नजर</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">आएगी।</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">उम्मीद</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">यह</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">भी</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">है</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">कि</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">मनुष्य</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">भी</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">कुछ</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">सीख</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">लेगा</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">इन</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">परिवर्तनों</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">से।</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">आशा</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">है</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">कि</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">वह</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">अपने</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">संगी</span>-<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">साथियों</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">यानी</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">जल</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">जंगल</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">जमीन</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">और</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">पर्यावरण</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">के</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">अन्य</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">अंगों</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">के</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">प्रति</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">समभाव</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">रखेगा।</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">प्रकृति</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">से</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">उसे</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">दोस्ती</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">करनी</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">होगी।</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">तभी</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">असली</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">मायनों</span>
<span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">में</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">बहारें</span> <span style="font-family: "Mangal","serif";">लौटेंगी।</span>
</div>
<br /></div>
Environment and Geologyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06742566655127435206noreply@blogger.com2Ranchi, Jharkhand, India23.3440997 85.30956223.1108367 84.9868385 23.577362700000002 85.6322855tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5236125790665654449.post-26506200220444723622019-12-31T12:50:00.000+05:302019-12-31T12:50:30.384+05:30CLIMATE IN MESOZOIC ERA.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br />
<h2 style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: center;">
The Earth
was hotter than it is today. </h2>
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<b>By</b></div>
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<b>Dr. Nitish
Priyadarshi</b></div>
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<b>Geologist.</b></div>
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<b>Email:
nitish.priyadarshi@gmail.com<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3zm3NF1i0XrAK01qmTgqYAGDkWLyR40joVAVnTNpBhIVuPpX64ULCHi6cGF5h2hOzxNbKHR1PrYSE2Y9hImFhmLXQwqq5fpEGH0OgttawlElLH1QlFzJ1iDYKyJSs_HZbqCsDmu1GPNBJ/s1600/dinosauras1+new.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="658" data-original-width="1170" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3zm3NF1i0XrAK01qmTgqYAGDkWLyR40joVAVnTNpBhIVuPpX64ULCHi6cGF5h2hOzxNbKHR1PrYSE2Y9hImFhmLXQwqq5fpEGH0OgttawlElLH1QlFzJ1iDYKyJSs_HZbqCsDmu1GPNBJ/s320/dinosauras1+new.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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In recent years, the scenario of future global environment
is haunting the man as the present environmental changes (e.g. global warming)
pose considerable danger to his own existence and environment. He is presently
struggling to understand as to what will be the nature and extent of these
changes in the next hundred years. In order to understand the processes of
changes and the effects they are likely to have on the future environment of
the biosphere, we should develop a historical perspective- a perspective based
on global environmental changes preserved in the rocks of the planet earth.<br />
<br />
The history of earth’s climate is characterized by change. Times of glaciation
on the earth have been followed by warm intervals and the duration in years of
both cold and warm intervals has varied by several orders of magnitude.</div>
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Climate change is changing the world. Either it is in the
form of temperature rise or in the form of severe floods. Many times question
arises in my mind whether this climate change is the outcome of present human
activities on the earth or it has happened in early geological ages too. Answer
is “yes” climate change has occurred several times from the beginning of the
earth formation. Evidences are preserved in from of rocks, sediments, and
fossils. Studying
the records of past climate change will fill you like reading thriller novel in
which every chapter is full of suspense and thrill. Every chapter of this novel
denotes different geological periods with different stories of climate change. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Change is the only constant in the history of the earth.
Since its creation around four billion years ago, our home planet has
constantly been subjected to changes brought about by the interplay of internal
of forces and external influences. The enormous lithospheric plates are
continually shifting, reshaping the continents. Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes
are the visible results of this process. Seen from the perspective of the
history of the earth, our planet, as we know it today, is merely a snapshot in
time. Everything is in a state of flux. Everything- including the climate- is
locked in a continuous process of change, giving rise to favourable and
unfavourable conditions to which all life on earth-human, plant and animal-
must constantly adopt.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b><i>My article is about the climate conditions of the Mesozoic.</i></b><o:p></o:p></div>
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The term “Mesozoic” was introduced by John Phillips in 1840
for the rock formations containing remains of “middle forms” of life. The
Mesozoic Era that began at about 230 million years ago and closed at about 65
million years ago represents less than half the duration of the Palaeozoic Era.
The Mesozoic Era has been further subdivided into Triassic, Jurassic and
Cretaceous periods. </div>
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The lower boundary of the Mesozoic is set by the Permian–Triassic
extinction event, during which approximately 90% to 96% of marine species and
70% of terrestrial vertebrates became extinct. It is also known as the
"Great Dying" because it is considered the largest mass extinction in
the Earth's history. The upper boundary of the Mesozoic is set at the Cretaceous–Paleogene
extinction event (or K–Pg extinction event), which may have been caused by an
asteroid impactor that created Chicxulub Crater on the Yucatán Peninsula.
Towards the Late Cretaceous, large volcanic eruptions are also believed to have
contributed to the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. Approximately 50% of
all genera became extinct, including all of the non-avian dinosaurs.</div>
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Pangaea was characterized by extreme climate variations
because it was such a huge continent. The coastal areas near Equator had a
monsoon climate with summer rain, while its interior areas were dry and
desert-like. Pangaea was a many times larger continent than Eurasia, most
likely with an even more pronounced continental climate. One cannot doubt that
winters in central Pangaea must have been very harsh experiences, and summers must
have been insufferable glowing hot. There were no actual ice ages during
Mesozoic. Pangaea was the largest continent ever, and it was surrounded by an
equally huge ocean that was the Panthalassic Sea, which covered the rest of
Earth's surface. It is believed that the shores of Pangaea must have been
exposed to very strong monsoon winds.</div>
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Three of the five largest mass extinctions in Earth history
are associated with the Mesozoic: a mass extinction occurred at the boundary
between the Mesozoic and the preceding Paleozoic; another occurred within the
Mesozoic at the end of the Triassic Period; and a third occurred at the
boundary between the Mesozoic and subsequent Cenozoic, resulting in the demise of
the dinosaurs.</div>
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Perhaps the largest number of palaeogeographic
reconstructions have been made for the Mesozoic Era. In many parts of the
world, the Era began with a new phase of sedimentation . Pangaea, the
supercontinent of the Palaeozoic Era was gradually torn apart during the
Mesozoic Era. Fragmentation of the Pangaea began with the opening of
proto-Atlantic and proto-Indian oceans. On the basis of the palaeo-magnetic
evidence, it has been suggested that that this break- up began with the
separation of North America and Gondwana Land in Late Triassic Epoch. The Mesozoic was a time of significant tectonic,
climate, and evolutionary activity. </div>
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The
climate of the Mesozoic was varied, alternating between warming and cooling
periods. Overall, however, the Earth was hotter than it is today. We can also
say that “Earth’s climate during the Mesozoic Era was generally warm, and there
was less difference in temperature between equatorial and polar latitudes than
there is today”. The Mesozoic is characterized by a <b>warm and
humid Earth</b>. Oxygen levels were very similar to today’s levels, thanks to
the large coniferous forests that proliferated in the early Triassic period but
were replaced by Angiospermae forests in the early Cretaceous.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">We
pass from a dry and arid climate at the beginning of the Triassic as we leave
an extinction that left the continents dry, to still warm climates but with
greater humidity at the beginning of the Jurassic and remain so until the end
of the Cretaceous. It is thought that in the Cretaceous, the North Pole was
able to hold ice in winter.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Dinosaurs first appeared in the Mid-Triassic, and became the
dominant terrestrial vertebrates in the Late Triassic or Early Jurassic,
occupying this position for about 150 or 135 million years until their demise
at the end of the Cretaceous. Birds first appeared in the Jurassic (however,
true toothless birds appeared first in the Cretaceous), having evolved from a
branch of Theropod dinosaurs.</div>
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Pangaea began breaking up at the end of the Triassic. Between
North America and Africa, volcanoes were spewing out large amounts of alkaline
lava, which can be found on both continents. It is assumed that this volcano
disaster initiated another round of extinction of up to 80% of Earth's species,
and thus paved the way for the dinosaurs that came to dominate the Earth in the
next hundred million years. Some believe that the root cause of species
extinction was that the intense volcanic activity volcanoes emitted so much CO2
that the Earth's temperature rose dramatically so that the heat was the real
killer that wiped out so many species.</div>
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Jurassic began 213 million years ago and lasted until 144
million years before present, a total of 69 million years. The gradual break-up
of Pangaea that began in the late Triassic, continued in Jurassic. The climate
of the new and smaller continents was milder and more rainy. Hot and humid
tropical breezes blew through dense forests of ferns, cycads, ginkgo trees and
various conifers. <br />
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Since large parts of the Earth's surface were covered by
water and green plants, planet's albedo decreased, and more of the Sun's energy
was absorbed as heat. The increased atmospheric moisture content also helped to
increase the temperature, because water vapor is a greenhouse gas.</div>
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There is strong evidence that the sea surface level in the
World increased during the Jurassic, which meant that many low-lying areas were
transformed into shallow coastal sea, and in the same time the climate became
more oceanic, that is wetter, warmer and with much less seasonal variation.</div>
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The Cretaceous period began 145 million years ago and lasted
until the dinosaur extinction 65 million years ago. During this period
prevailed almost everywhere on Earth a warm and humid climate. The thick layer
of chalk, which was created by the microscopic calcareous algae that have been
found in abundance throughout the Earth's oceans, gave its name to the period.
Up until then, chalk deposits had been restricted to shallow coastal waters. <br />
<br />
By the middle of the Cretaceous period about 100 million years ago, the mean-
temperature on the planet's surface was between 6 and 12 degrees higher than it
is today. The annual mean temperature in the Arctic was about 10 degrees, which
is about 20 degrees warmer than today. In the tropical regions, the surface
water temperature was approx. 5 to 10 degrees higher than the present.</div>
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The environment was unusually warm and polar ice caps did
not yet exist. This played a large part in evolution and is a key factor behind
the flourishing of the dinosaurs. During the Triassic period the climate was
generally dry, which changed near the Jurassic period as oceans began to rise
due to mounting layers of magma covering the seafloor. As a result, flooding
overtook many parts of the exposed land. This allowed the climate to change
with increased humidity and it continued that way even into the Cretaceous
period. However, the climate began to cool during the Cretaceous although
temperatures may have risen again near the end of the Mesozoic.</div>
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<span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Understanding how the Earth responded to past
extreme warming and CO</span><sub>2</sub> input can help us prepare for how the planet will
respond to current, human-caused climate change.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>References:</b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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K. Ravindra, 1988. Fundamentals of historical geology and
stratigraphy of India. Wiley eastern limited, New Delhi.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Mesozoic-Era">https://www.britannica.com/science/Mesozoic-Era</a></div>
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<a href="http://www.dandebat.dk/eng-klima3.htm">http://www.dandebat.dk/eng-klima3.htm</a></div>
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<a href="http://nitishpriyadarshi.blogspot.com/2012/09/climate-which-changed-world-56-million.html">http://nitishpriyadarshi.blogspot.com/2012/09/climate-which-changed-world-56-million.html</a></div>
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<a href="https://nitishpriyadarshi.blogspot.com/2007/12/climate-change-is-not-recent-phenomenon.html">https://nitishpriyadarshi.blogspot.com/2007/12/climate-change-is-not-recent-phenomenon.html</a></div>
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Environment and Geologyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06742566655127435206noreply@blogger.com0Ranchi, Jharkhand, India23.3440997 85.30956200000002823.1108367 84.986838500000033 23.577362700000002 85.632285500000023tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5236125790665654449.post-60491416913747539012019-12-26T12:39:00.000+05:302019-12-26T13:31:20.015+05:30 View of partial (Annular) solar eclipse on 26th December in Ranchi city. <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Though it was cloudy but I tried my best to take few photographs of solar eclipse. </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">An annular </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_eclipse" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Solar eclipse">solar eclips</a>e <span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> occurred on December 26, 2019. A </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_eclipse" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Solar eclipse">solar eclipse</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> occurs when the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Moon">Moo</a>n<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> passes between </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Earth">Eart</a>h<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> and the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Sun">Su</a>n <span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">, thereby totally or partly obscuring the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apparent_diameter" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Apparent diameter">apparent diameter</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annulus_(mathematics)" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Annulus (mathematics)">annulus</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. </span><br />
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Environment and Geologyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06742566655127435206noreply@blogger.com0Ranchi, Jharkhand, India23.3440997 85.30956200000002823.1108367 84.986838500000033 23.577362700000002 85.632285500000023tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5236125790665654449.post-68299412246327824982019-12-25T13:55:00.000+05:302019-12-25T14:27:57.588+05:30Radon gas- the major threat of indoor air pollution.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. </span><b>Radon</b> is the <b>most</b> important
cause of lung cancer after smoking.</h3>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>By</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Dr. Nitish Priyadarshi. </b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Geologist</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>email: nitish.priyadarshi@gmail.com</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><br /></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Radon</span></b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> is a naturally occurring radioactive gas which may be <b>found</b> in indoor
environments such as homes, schools, and workplaces. <b>Radon</b> is the <b>most</b> important
cause of lung cancer after smoking.<b> All</b> types of houses <b>can have radon</b> problems-old
homes, new homes, drafty homes, insulated homes, homes with <b>basements</b> and homes
without <b>basements</b>. Construction
materials and the way the home <b>has</b> been built
may also affect <b>radon</b> levels, but
this <b>is</b> rare.</span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">A radon level of 4 picoCuries per
liter (pCi/L) or more is considered high.</span><span style="background: white;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><br /></span>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Radon is a gas produced by the radioactive decay
of the element radium. Radioactive decay is a natural, spontaneous process in
which an atom of one element decays or breaks down to form another element by
losing atomic particles (protons, neutrons, or electrons). When solid radium
decays to form radon gas, it loses two protons and two neutrons. These two
protons and two neutrons are called an alpha particle, which is a type of
radiation. The elements that produce radiation are called radioactive. Radon
itself is radioactive because it also decays, losing an alpha particle and
forming the element polonium.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="background: white;">Elements that are naturally radioactive include
uranium, thorium, carbon, and potassium, as well as radon and radium. Uranium
is the first element in a long series of decay that produces radium and radon.
Uranium is referred to as the parent element, and radium and radon are called
daughters. Radium and radon also form daughter elements as they decay.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The decay of each radioactive element occurs at a
very specific rate. How fast an element decays is measured in terms of the
element "half-life", or the amount of time for one half of a given
amount of the element to decay. Uranium has a half-life of 4.4 billion years,
so a 4.4-billion-year-old rock has only half of the uranium with which it
started. The half-life of radon is only 3.8 days. If a jar was filled with
radon, in 3.8 days only half of the radon would be left. But the newly made
daughter products of radon would also be in the jar, including polonium,
bismuth, and lead . Polonium is also radioactive - it is this element,
which is produced by radon in the air and in people's lungs, that can hurt lung
tissue and cause lung cancer.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20.1pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">For most
people, the greatest exposure to radon occurs in the home. The concentration of
radon in a home depends on:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">the amount of uranium in the underlying rocks
and soils;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">the routes available for the passage of radon
from the soil into the home; and<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">the rate of exchange between indoor and
outdoor air, which depends on the construction of the house, the
ventilation habits of the inhabitants, and the air-tightness of the
building.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Radon
222-a naturally occurring radioactive gas that you cannot see, taste or smell-
is produced by the radioactive decay of Uranium-238. The other definition is
“Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas emitted as a result of the
radioactive decay of radium 226 (which is an indirect decay product of uranium)” . Most soil and rock contain small amounts of
uranium -238. But this isotope is much more concentrated in underground
deposits of minerals such as uranium, phosphate, granite, and shale. Radon is
found in many types of rocks and soils. Although some rocks and soils contain
more uranium (and thus greater radon gas potential) than others, all rocks and
soil contain at least trace amount of uranium. According to a report, there are
2.7 pounds of uranium for each 1 million pounds of rock. Granite, however, contains approximately 4.7
pounds of uranium per 1 million pounds, and back shale contains approximately
3.7 pounds of uranium per 1 million pounds. Sandstone contain 0.5 pounds and
basalt contains 0.9 pounds per 1 million pounds. Thus, areas with high granite
content and black shale, are more likely to have radon gas. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">When
radon gas from such deposits seeps upward through the soil and is released
outdoors, it disperses quickly in the atmosphere and decay to harmless levels. However,
radon gas can enter buildings above such deposits through cracks in foundations
and walls, opening around sump pumps and drains, and hollow concrete blocks.
Once inside , it can build up to high
levels, especially in unventilated lower levels of homes and buildings.
Although some radiation is emitted from the building materials themselves, such
as bricks. In addition, because the air pressure inside a house is generally
lower than the pressure of the soil around the foundation ( because of
appliances that use air, such as
furnaces), the structure acts like a Vacuum, drawing the radon in from the
soil. Radon may also be present in groundwater and can be release into the air
through faucets and shower heads.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">In the
open air, radon generally is diluted into insignificant concentrations.
However, when radon is trapped and allowed to concentrate, such as within a
building, it presents a serious health threat to the inhabitants. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">In many
countries, drinking water is obtained from groundwater sources such as springs,
wells and boreholes. These sources of water normally have higher concentrations
of radon than surface water from reservoirs, rivers or lakes.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Effects of Radon</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Radon
-222 gas quickly decays into solid particles of other radioactive elements
that, if inhaled, expose lung tissue to a large amount of ionizing radiation
from alpha particle. When inhaled, the decay of the radon releases solid
radioactive particles ( polonium). Although the half life of polonium is only a
few minutes, while it is within the lungs, it continues to decay, which
releases ionizing alpha radiation. This exposure can damage lung tissue and
lead to lung cancer over the course of a
70 year lifetime. Your chances of getting lung cancer from radon depend mostly
on how much radon is in your home, how much time you spend in your home, and
whether you are a smoker or have ever
smoked. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">In 1998,
the National Academy of Sciences estimated that prolonged exposure for a life
time of 70 years to low levels of radon or radon acting together with smoking
is responsible for 15,000-22,000 ( or 12%) of the lung cancer deaths each year
in the United States. This makes the radon the second leading cause of lung
cancer after smoking. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><b>What are
the symptoms of radon in your home?</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.35pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[endif]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"> persistent cough. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.35pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">coughing up blood.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.35pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">wheezing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.35pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">shortness of breath.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.35pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">hoarseness.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.35pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">chest pain, especially when you cough or laugh.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">frequent infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Prevention </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Radon
can be controlled in a number of ways, with the control action depending on the
level of radon. The primary control actions are to prevent radon from entering
the home by either blocking off or sealing potential entry points or to reduce
the amount by increasing ventilation. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Sealing
or blocking radon entry points may require covering exposed earth in basements,
storage areas, drains, and crawlspaces with impermeable materials, such as
plastic sheeting pr metal. Cracks and openings can be sealed with mortar or
caulking. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Household
ventilation, which can push radon out instead of pulling it inside the home,
can be increased with strategically placed fans. In addition, by altering the
air pressure inside the home, the vacuum effect can be reduced. This can be
accomplished by switching the air source
of certain appliances, such as furnaces and clothes dryers, from inside to
outside the home.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><b>References:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Miller,
G. Tyler Jr. 2004. Environmental Science. Thomson Learning, USA. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Wagner,
T. 1994. In our backyard. John Wiley & Sons, INC, New York. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Radon&oq=Radon&aqs=chrome..69i57j0l7.12065j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8">https://www.google.com/search?q=Radon&oq=Radon&aqs=chrome..69i57j0l7.12065j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><a href="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/radon-and-health">https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/radon-and-health</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-home-guide/radon-poisoning#reducing-radon">https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-home-guide/radon-poisoning#reducing-radon</a></span><br />
<br />
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://water-research.net/index.php/radon"><span style="color: black;">https://water-research.net/index.php/radon</span></a></div>
<br /></div>
Environment and Geologyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06742566655127435206noreply@blogger.com0Ranchi, Jharkhand, India23.3440997 85.30956200000002823.1108367 84.986838500000033 23.577362700000002 85.632285500000023tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5236125790665654449.post-56061431119835438392019-11-08T11:57:00.000+05:302019-11-25T12:44:26.158+05:30क्या है समुद्र के नीचे लेमुरिया महाद्वीप का रहस्य?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">क्या</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">बदलते</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">तापमान</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ने</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">इन्हे</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">डुबाया</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="EN-US">?<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">झारखण्ड</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">की</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">मुंडा</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">जाती</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">भी</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">शायद</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">इसी</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">महाद्वीप</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">से</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">होते</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">हुए</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">भारत</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">पहुँची।</span><span lang="EN-US"><br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">द्वारा</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br />
</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">डा</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;">.</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">नितीश</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">प्रियदर्शी</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">जिस
तरह वर्तमान में ग्लोबल वॉर्मिंग के कारण पृथ्वी पर कई विनाशकारी बदलाव होने की आशंकाएं
जताई जा रही हैं, उसी तरह प्राचीनकाल में एक बार ऐसा हो चुका है जिसके चलते लेमुरिया
और मु नाम के 2 महाद्वीप जलमग्न हो चुके थे। हालांकि वैज्ञानिक इस पर अभी शोध ही कर
रहे हैं किंतु विश्व के खोजकर्ताओं का दावा है कि इन दोनों महाद्वीपों पर सभ्यता काफी
विकसित थी। कुछ खोजकर्ताओं, जिनमें प्रमुख थे फिलीप स्कोल्टर, का यह भी कहना था कि
मनुष्य की उत्पत्ति इन्हीं महाद्वीपों पर हुई थी। ये दोनों महाद्वीप किसी भू-वैज्ञानिक
हलचल की वजह से समुद्र के भीतर समा गए।<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">जब
से पृथ्वी बनी है, तब से विनाश के कई चरण हुए हैं तथा कई प्रजातियां विलुप्त हुईं तथा
नई आई भी हैं। विश्व की सभी जातियों एवं धर्मों में प्राचीन महाप्रलय का उल्लेख मिलता
है। केवल धर्म ही नहीं, भू-वैज्ञानिक साक्ष्य भी पृथ्वी पर कई प्राचीन विनाशकारी हलचलों
को दर्शाते हैं चाहे वे भूकंप के रूप में हों या ज्वालामुखी के रूप में या ग्लोबल वॉर्मिंग
या हिमयुग के रूप में हों। आदिम जनजातियों में भी जल महाप्रलय का उल्लेख कहानियों के
रूप में हुआ है। इसी क्रम में इस महाद्वीप का उल्लेख भी प्राचीन तमिल साहित्य में पाया
जाता है। <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">तमिल लेखकों के
अनुसार आधुनिक मानव सभ्यता का विकास, अफ्रीका महाद्वीप में ना होकर हिन्द महासागर में
स्थित ‘कुमारी कंदम’ नामक द्वीप में हुआ था | हालाँकि कुमारी कंदम या लुमेरिया
को हिन्द महासागर में विलुप्त हो चुकी काल्पनिक सभ्यता कहा जाता है | इसे कुमारी नाडु
के नाम से भी जाना जाता है | कुछ लेखक तो इसे रावण की लंका के नाम से भी जोड़ते
हैं, क्योंकि दक्षिण भारत को श्रीलंका से जोड़ने वाला राम सेतु भी इसी महाद्वीप में
पड़ता है | </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">तमिल
इतिहासकारों के अनुसार इस द्वीप का नाम 'कुमारी कंदम' था। 'कुमारी कंदम' आज के भारत
के दक्षिण में स्थित हिन्द महासागर में एक खो चुकी तमिल सभ्यता की प्राचीनता को दर्शाता
है। इसे 'कुमारी नाडू' के नाम से भी जाना जाता है। तमिल शोधकर्ताओं और विद्वानों के
एक वर्ग ने तमिल और संस्कृत साहित्य के आधार पर समुद्र में खो चुकी उस भूमि को पांडियन
महापुरुषों के साथ जोड़ा है। तमिल पुनर्जागरणवादियों के अनुसार 'कुमारी कंदम' के पांडियन
राजा का पूरे भारतीय <a href="https://hindi.webdunia.com/search?cx=015955889424990834868:ptvgsjrogw0&cof=FORID:9&ie=UTF-8&sa=search&siteurl=//hindi.webdunia.com&q=%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA" target="_blank"><span style="color: #337ab7; text-decoration: none;">उपमहाद्वीप </span></a>पर शासन था। दक्षिण भारत के लोकगीतों में इतिहास
के साथ उस खो चुकी इस सभ्यता का वर्णन मिलता है। नतीजतन, जब इसके बारे में जानकारी
देने वाले खोजकर्ता भारत के नगरों में पहुंचे, तब इस लोकगीत और कथा को बल मिला।<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">तमिल
लेखकों के अनुसार आधुनिक मानव सभ्यता का विकास अफ्रीका महाद्वीप में न होकर हिन्द महासागर
में स्थित 'कुमारी कंदम' नामक द्वीप में हुआ था। हालांकि 'कुमारी कंदम' या लुमेरिया
को हिन्द महासागर में विलुप्त हो चुकी काल्पनिक सभ्यता कहा जाता है। कुछ लेखक तो इसे
रावण की लंका के नाम से भी जोड़ते हैं, क्योंकि दक्षिण भारत को श्रीलंका से जोड़ने वाला
राम सेतु भी इसी महाद्वीप में पड़ता है। <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">तमिल साहित्य के
अनुसार, भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप में कुमारी कंदम नाम की एक तमिल सभ्यता थी , जो कि अब हिन्द
महासागर में विलुप्त हो चुकी है | इसी महाद्वीप को Lemuria नाम इंग्लिश भूगोलवेत्ता
फिलिप स्क्लाटर (Philip Sclater) ने 19 वीं सदी में दिया था | सन 1903 में
V.G. सूर्यकुमार ने इसे सर्वप्रथम Kumarinatu" ("Kumari Nadu") या कुमारी
क्षेत्र का नाम दिया था | कहा जाता है की यह कुमारी <strong><span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">कंदम</span></strong> ही रावण के देश ‘लंका’
का विस्तृत स्वरुप है जो कि वर्तमान भारत से भी बड़ा था ।<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">हिन्द महासागर
में एक बहुत बड़े महाद्वीप की संभावना को सबसे पहले ब्रिटिश भूगोलवेत्ता फिलिप स्क्लाटर
(Philip Sclater) ने बताया था | उन्होंने मेडागास्कर और भारत में बहुत बड़ी मात्रा
में वानरों के जीवाश्मों (Lemur Fossils) के मिलने पर यहाँ एक नयी सभ्यता के होने
का अंदेशा व्यक्त किया था | उन्होंने ही इसे ‘लेमुरिया ‘ नाम दिया था | उन्होंने इस
विषय पर एक किताब भी लिखी जिसका नाम ‘<strong><span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">The
Mammals of Madagascar’ था, जो कि 1864 में प्रकाशित हई थी |<o:p></o:p></span></strong></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">भूगोलवेत्ता A.R. वासुदेवन के उन्नत अध्ययन के अनुसार, मानव
सभ्यता का विकास अफ्रीका महाद्वीप में ना होकर कुमारी हिन्द महासागर के ‘कुमारी नामक'
द्वीप पर हुआ था | उनके अध्ययन कहते हैं कि आज से लगभग 14,000 साल पहले जब कुमारी
कंदम जलमग्न हो गया तो लोग यहाँ से पलायन कर अफ्रीका, यूरोप, चीन सहित पूरे विश्व में
फैल गए और कई नयी सभ्यताओं को जन्म दिया |<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">ऐसा माना जाता है कि हिम युग के अंतिम सालों में तापमान
बढ़ना शुरू हो गया था जिसके कारण ग्लेशियरों का पिघलना शुरू हुआ और समुद्र का जल
स्तर बहुत बढ़ गया और अंततः यह सभ्यता पानी में डूब गयी |</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">आज</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">सारे</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">विश्व
के वैज्ञानिक इस बात पर सहमत हैं की आने वाले समय</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">में</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">पृथ्वी</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">पर कई विनाशकारी बदलाव होंगे। कारन है
ग्लोबल वार्मिंग । कई छोटे द्वीप</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">समुद्र में समां जायंगे । कहीं सूखे की
मार होगी तो कहीं अतिवृष्टि । कई नए</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">जगह भूकंप प्रभावित होंगे जो पहले नही
थे । यानि विनाश का एक नया रूप</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">सामने</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">आएगा।</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br />
<br />
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">विनाश अगर होगा भी तो
अचानक नही । विनाश की प्रक्रिया धीरे</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">धीरे होती है जैसे पहले हुई थी । जब से
पृथ्वी बनी है विनाश के कई चरण हुए</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">है जब कई प्रजातियाँ विलुप्त हुई तथा नई
आई हैं। विश्व के सभी जातिओं एवं</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">धर्मो में प्राचीन महाप्रलय का उल्लेख
मिलता है । केवल धर्मं ही नही</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">भूवैज्ञानिक साक्ष्य भी पृथ्वी पर कई
प्राचीन विनाशकारी हलचल को दर्शाता</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">है। चाहे वो भूकंप के रूप मे हो या
ज्वालामुखी के रूप मे या ग्लोबल</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">वार्मिंग या हिमयुग के रूप मे हो। विश्व
के सभी धर्मो में जल को ही</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">महाप्रलय का कारण माना गया है। यहाँ तक
की सभी आदिम जन जातिओं मे भी जल</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">महाप्रलय का उल्लेख कहानिओं के रूप में
हुआ है।इसी क्रम में दो महाद्वीपों</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">का नाम उभर कर आता है जो आज महासागर के
नीचे है। इनका नाम है "लेमुरिया एवं</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">मु</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">। वेसे इन द्वीपों का अभी तक वेज्ञानिक
पुष्टि नही हो पाई है। लेकिन</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">विश्व के खोजकर्ताओं का दावा है की यह
दोनों महाद्वीप पर सभ्यता काफी</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">विकसित थी। कुछ खोजकर्ताओं</span><span lang="EN-US">, </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">जिनमे
प्रमुख थे फिलिप स्कोल्टर </span><span lang="EN-US">, </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">का यह भी</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">कहना था की मनुष्य की उत्पत्ति इन्ही
महाद्वीपों पर हुई थी। ये दोनों</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">महाद्वीप किसी भूवैज्ञानिक हलचल के वजह
से समुद्र के भीतर समां गए।</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">१८६४ में जन्तुविज्ञानी श्री फिलिप स्केलटर ने एक लेख लिखा " मैडागास्कर<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>के स्तनधारी " इस लेख में उस जीवाश्म की<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>चर्चा की गई थी जो<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>मैडागास्कर तथा भारत में पाए गए।<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>इनको इस बात का आश्चर्य की ये जीवाश्म अफ्रीका या
मध्य पूर्व में नहीं पाये गए।<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>तब उन्होंने
माना की भारत और मैडागास्कर<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>एक ही बड़े महाद्वीप
के अंश थे। तमिल साहित्य में इस महाद्वीप का जिक्र बार बार हुआ है।<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>इसमें<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>प्रमुख
है "कुमारी<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>कंदम" जिसको कुमारी नाडु
भी कहते हैं जिसका अर्थ है </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-bidi-language: HI;">“</span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">डूबता महाद्वीप</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-bidi-language: HI;">”</span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">।<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>इस साहित्य में लेमुरिया
महाद्वीप का जिक्र कई बार हुआ है।<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">हाल</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">के</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">वर्षो</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">में</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">मॉरिशस</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">के</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">पास</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">हिन्द</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">महासागर</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">के</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">नीचे</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">एक</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">खोया</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">महाद्वीप</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">पाया</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">गया।</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">ये</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">प्राचीन</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">महाद्वीप</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">जो</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">कभी</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">भारत</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">और</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">मेडागास्कर</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">के</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">बीच</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">में</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">फैला</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">हुआ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">था</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;">,
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">अब</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">हिंद</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">महासागर</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">के</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">तल</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">पर</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">बिखरा</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">हुआ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">है।</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">ये</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">प्राचीन</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">महाद्वीप</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;">, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">जिसे</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">मॉरिटिया</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">के</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">नाम</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">से</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">जाना</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">जाता</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">है</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;">, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">एक</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">बार</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">गोंडवाना</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">सुपरकॉन्टिनेंट</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">के</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">दौरान</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">मेडागास्कर</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">को</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">भारत</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">से</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">जोड़ता</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">था।</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">एक</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">रोचक
तथ्य यह सामने उभर कर सामने आया है की हमलोग की आगे की पीढ़ी शायद</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">फिर
लेमुरिया द्वीप पर वास करे। खोजकर्ताओं का मानना है की जिस तरीके से</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">लेमुरिया
द्वीप समुद्र के अन्दर समां गया शायद भविष्य मैं किसी प्लेट</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">टेक्टोनिक
या किसी भूगर्भीय हलचल की वजह से यह द्वीप समुद्र के ऊपर आ जाए।</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">एक
और रोचक तथ्य सामने यह आया है की लेमुरिया द्वीप के लोग काफ़ी लंबे होते</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">थे।
उनके पास तीसरा आँख भी था जो सर के पीछे होता था। यही आँख आज के</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">मनुष्य
</span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">में पीनियल नेत्र </span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;">(</span><span lang="EN-US">pineal eye) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">के नाम से जाना जाता है। इसका अब कोई कम
नही है।</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">लेकिन इसपर अभी कोई खोज नही हुआ है।एसा माना जाता है की
लेमुरिया महाद्वीप</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">हिंद महासागर के नीचे एवं मु महाद्वीप
प्रशांत महासागर के नीचे समा गया।</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">खोजकर्ताओं की माने तो "मु"
महाद्वीप ५०</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">००० वर्ष पहले तक था एवं "लेमुरिया</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">द्वीप"
की उत्पत्ति एक लाख साल पहले हुई थी।ऐसा लगता है जिस वक्त ये दोनों</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">महाद्वीप
समुद्र के नीचे समाये उस वक्त पृथ्वी का तापमान आज के तुलना में</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ज्यादा
रहा होगा जिसके चलते हिमनदों के पिघलने से समुद्र का जलस्तर ऊँचा</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">उठा
एवं इन दोनों महाद्वीपों को धीरे धीरे अपने भीतर समां लिया। वेसे भी आज</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">के
बढ़ते तापमान की वजह से विश्व के कई छोटे छोटे द्वीप खतरें मैं आ गए</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">है।</span><span lang="EN-US"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">पहले
भी हमारे पृथ्वी पर कई बदलाव हुए आज जहाँ पर सुखी जमीन है वहां</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">पहले
समुद्र हुआ करता था। आज जहाँ रेगिस्तान है वहां पहले हरियाली हुआ</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">करती
थी। पृथ्वी पर प्राचीन काल के जिओलोजिकल विनाश के अवशेष आज भी मिलते</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">है
। एल्फ्रेड रसेल एवं एर्नेस्ट हेकेल का मानना था की मनुष्य की उत्पत्ति</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">इन
महाद्वीपों पर हुई थी। लेमुरिया शब्द लेमूर नामक जीव से आया जो बन्दर</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">एवं
गिलहरी का मिश्रित रूप है। लेमूर का मूल स्थान मेडागास्कर है लेकिन यह</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">भारत
एवं मलाया मे भी पाया जाता है। इसलिये यह माना गया की ये जीव तभी भारत</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">पहुंचें
होंगे जब कोई विशाल महाद्वीप हिंद महासागर में रहा होगा एवं जो</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">भारत
एवं मेडागास्कर के बिच में सेतु का काम किया।</span><span lang="EN-US"><br />
<br />
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">वैज्ञानिक</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">मानते
हैं की भारत उप महाद्वीप में किसी नर-वानर की उत्पत्ति नही हुई थी।</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">अतः
जितनी भी जातियां भारत की धरती पर जीवित हैं या लुप्त हो चुकीं हैंउनका</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">मूल
स्थान कहीं न कहीं भारत से बाहर रहा था। </span><span class="Heading1Char"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">झारखण्ड के
मुंडाओं के मूल स्थान तथा उनके आव्रजन मार्ग की खोज में लेमुरिया सिद्धांत का
उल्लेख हुआ है। एस सी रॉय ने इस सिद्धांत का प्रतिपादन किया है। श्री रॉय ने
दक्षिण अफ्रीका एवं दक्षिण भारत के बिच एक लेमुरिया द्वीप की कल्पना की है जो अब जलमग्न
हो चुका है। उन्होंने संभावना व्यक्त की है की मुंडा जाती लेमुरिया द्वीप से होती
हुए भारत आई थी। इस प्रसंग में दक्षिण अफ्रीका के मेडागास्कर का नाम उल्लेखित हुआ
है। इस मत के अनुसार मुंडाओं का मूल स्थान मेडागास्कर है और भारत आव्रजन
"लेमुरिया द्वीप" से होते हुए हुआ है।</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">अब सवाल यह उठता</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">है की अगर यह दोनों महाद्वीप थे तो ये
समुद्र में कैसे समा गए। क्या समुद्र</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">के बढ़ते जलस्तर ने इनको अपने अन्दर समा
लिया या किसी भुवेज्ञानिक हलचल के</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">चलते यह महासागर के अन्दर चले गए । अभी
भी इसपर खोज जारी है।सवाल लेमुरिया</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">या मु का नहीं है । सवाल यह है की अगर
पृथ्वी का तापमान यूँ ही बढ़ता रहा</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">तो आने वाले समय में कोई दूसरा लेमुरिया
या मु जैसी घटना होने से इंकार नही</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">किया जा सकता।</span></div>
<br /></div>
Environment and Geologyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06742566655127435206noreply@blogger.com1Ranchi, Jharkhand, India23.3440997 85.30956200000002823.1108367 84.986838500000033 23.577362700000002 85.632285500000023tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5236125790665654449.post-67695870700193941872019-10-03T12:03:00.000+05:302019-10-04T11:23:58.703+05:30Geological report on importance of rain water harvesting in selected areas of Ranchi city,India.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Dependency on groundwater for drinking and domestic purpose has
increased.</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">By</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Dr. Nitish Priyadarshi</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Geologist.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">nitish.priyadarshi@gmail.com</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Introduction: <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Water is essential for life- all living organisms contain water. In fact
most living organisms consist of over 60 percent water.</span><b><i><span style="color: green; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Through out his brief history on earth, man has depended on three basic
natural resources for his survival: air, land and water. Of these three, none
has been more abused and neglected by man than water. Yet without water, the
land produces nothing; without water, life vanishes from the face of the earth.
Civilizations arose and have prospered for millennia where water was abundant.
The Nile valley is a prime example. When water disappeared, civilizations
withered and died. Mesopotamia is a classic example.</span><b><i><span style="color: green; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The utter human dependence on water is exemplified by the fact that man
can survive for five weeks without food, but he dies after only five days
without water. If the water supply of a human being is cut off for just a few
days, he will die of dehydration long before the water is completely evaporated
from his body. Water vapor is lost with every breath, and we cannot avoid
breathing.</span><b><i><span style="color: green; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">In recent years due to increasing contamination of surface water bodies,
dependency on groundwater for drinking and domestic purpose has increased many
fold. But these water sources are now badly affected with global warming.
Groundwater is depleting day by day due to effect of rising temperature and
urbanization.</span><b><i><span style="color: green; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The excess soil moisture that saturates subsurface soil or rock and migrates
downward under the influence of gravity. In the literal sense, all water below
the ground surface is groundwater; in hydrogeologic terms, however, the top of
this saturated zone is called the water table, and the water below the water
table is called groundwater.</span><b><i><span style="color: green; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ranchi the capital city of Jharkhand state of India
is located at 23.350 N and 85.330 E. The total area covered by Ranchi-Municipal
area is about 141 square kilometers and the average elevation of the city is
645 m above Mean Sea Level (MSL). As of 2001 India census Ranchi had a
population of 846,454.<br />
<br />
Water supply, in adequate quantity and at desirable quality, is essential for
any sustainable urbanization. Water supply in Ranchi dates back to more than 50
years ago.<br />
<br />
There are three main dams ( Hatia, Rukka, and Kanke dam) from where the water
is supplied to the city. Surface water is always vulnerable to pollution.
People of Ranchi are dependent more on purer source like groundwater. Of the
total consumption more than 60% comes from groundwater storage. Due to
increasing population more pressure has developed on groundwater from the
aquifer beneath the city.<br />
<br />
The process of urbanization and industrialization from last 20 years has caused
changes in the water table as a result of decreased recharge and increased
withdrawal. Many of the small ponds which were main source of water in the
surrounding areas are now filled for different construction purpose affecting
the water table. Lots of DEEP- BORING in the Ranchi city has also forced the water
table to move down as well as Ranchi plateau.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<strong><span style="color: #009900; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Groundwater in Ranchi city:</span></strong><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
<br />
<br />
Groundwater in Ranchi city is mainly stored here in secondary porosity features
or void spaces developed as result of weathering, fracturing, jointing,
shearing or faulting phenomena. The gneisses and granitic rocks with associated
schists and quartzites constitute the main consolidated rock terrain of Ranchi
district.<br />
<br />
Major portion of Ranchi city which is part of the Chotanagpur Plateau occupied
by hard rock which are devoid of primary porosity and occurrence and movement
of groundwater is controlled by the joints, fractures and fissures present in
them.<br />
<br />
During the long span of geological history these rocks have been deformed and
tectonised in many ways including deep erosion.<br />
<br />
In Ranchi city water table in the consolidated formations is now at its lowest
from April to June. Water table is at its highest peak during August, gradually
stabilizing in the month of November.<br />
<br />
Sources of groundwater recharge in Ranchi city and the other parts of Jharkhand
State is the vertical percolation of rain water. Although city experiences
about 1000 to 1200 mm rainfall annually, the rate of vertical percolation is
hindered by the presence of highly weathered and metamorphosed rocks. The
Ranchi plateau gradually slopes down towards south east into the hilly and
undulating region of Singhbhum. Due to this uneven topography the rain water
are lost through surface runoff resulting in less water percolation below the
surface. The thin soil layer of Ranchi plateau which is becoming more thin due
to weathering is gradually loosing its water retaining capacity, Moreover,
present land development practices in the recharge area and natural canals or
rivulets in and around the city is also reducing the natural recharge
significantly. More than 40% of the rain water is lost in the form of surface
runoff. The rate of decline ranges between 1m/year to 5m/year at different
observation locations within the city.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">As Ranchi is becoming one of the important business
center in Eastern India there is a rampant increase in construction and expansion
of city. Due to inadequate water supply from the dams, dependency on ground
water is increasing. Over pressed zones are Upper Bazar, Main Road, Ratu Road,
Piska More, Chutia, Hindhpirhi, Circular Road, Burdwan Compound, Lalpur and
Harmu Road.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Objective:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The main objectives of
Rain Water Harvesting are:-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">• Increasing the
availability of ground water during periods of requirement.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">•Preventing depletion of
ground water reservoirs in areas of over exploitation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">• <span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;">Improving quality of ground water through dilution.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Rainwater
harvesting is the collection, storage and injecting precipitation<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>down in the earth of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>for later human use. This project focuses on
the selection of the site and rainwater harvesting system located at the
different rickshaw pullers garage located in different areas of Ratu road and
Piska more in Ranchi city. The information collected <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>from this project will be used to build a
template for designing a rain water harvesting system that can be placed in the
selected areas. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ_lfP9tdsDTP3Z6Ow8y4GoglVtbWxp4NT2U-c07uC-efKBFfTYnPeP-BGAUt7ISUCZd7MNCbrtaBly2ckk2p145UkKwta7_c4a0KdlqSl6dz-PQBiXbe_yG5XgYsnlh2RZJpEfYGQrovx/s1600/Well.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ_lfP9tdsDTP3Z6Ow8y4GoglVtbWxp4NT2U-c07uC-efKBFfTYnPeP-BGAUt7ISUCZd7MNCbrtaBly2ckk2p145UkKwta7_c4a0KdlqSl6dz-PQBiXbe_yG5XgYsnlh2RZJpEfYGQrovx/s320/Well.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <i>Fig.1 Depletion of ground water.</i></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjagJ2ZZWXMcz63574Cjfr2y2kldPhlAXc5iHRXMtMGEjvgn9xILSk9p9z-qstKQKlKAdsJYtfaOyK0jEbXAKT7JVG1CVT2aTLEbtgBWxI8jsycXmxXSyjWyyU-ci4IEjvr67fI46tCPnPz/s1600/Water+harvesting.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjagJ2ZZWXMcz63574Cjfr2y2kldPhlAXc5iHRXMtMGEjvgn9xILSk9p9z-qstKQKlKAdsJYtfaOyK0jEbXAKT7JVG1CVT2aTLEbtgBWxI8jsycXmxXSyjWyyU-ci4IEjvr67fI46tCPnPz/s320/Water+harvesting.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <i> Fig. 2. Structure of rain water harvesting.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i>Fig.3. Depleted water in a well in Piska More, Ranchi.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Rickshaw
pullers are the most affected people as they are more dependent on surface and
well water which is polluted and gets dry in summer season. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="a"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 1.5pt;">Till about thirty years back,
the areas surveyed </span></span><span class="a"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 0.75pt;">used to be unpaved
and the rain falling on these areas would percolate into soil and remain there
for being drawn through shallow open wells. With the</span></span><span class="a"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> proliferation
of flat complexes, these areas been covered, resulting in stopping <span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;">of percolation of rain water into the soil. But on
the other hand the use of </span>ground water has risen immensely. With <span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;">Increase in the number of deep bore wells, the
shallow wells started drying up. The reason is that no sincere attempt was made
to re- establish the </span>ground water table to its original level during
monsoons. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span class="a"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Rooftop rain water harvesting was
suggested in the surveyed areas. Out of 30 sites 10 sites were selected as the
rickshaw pullers were using dug well waters for their daily purpose. </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Rooftop catchmen</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ts is </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> the most
basic form of this technology, rainwater is collected in simple vessels at th</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">e
e</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dge of the roof. Variations on this basic approach
include collection of rainwater in</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">gutters which drain to the collection</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 2.25pt; line-height: 115%;"> vessel through down-pipes </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">constructed for this purpose,
and/or the diversion of rainwater from the <span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;">gutters
to the settling tanks/</span></span><span class="a"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">percolation
tank or absorption tank </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 0.75pt; line-height: 115%;"> filled with sands and cobbles and pebbles
working as water filters. As the rooftop is the main </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">catchment
area, the amount and quality of rainwater collected depends on the area and
type of roofing material. Reasonably pure rainwater can be collected from
roofs constructed with galvanized corrugated iron,</span><span class="apple-style-span"> </span><span class="a"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">aluminum or asbestos
cement sheets, tiles and slates. <span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;">Roofs with metallic paint or other coatings are
not </span>recommended as they may impart tastes or color to the collected
water. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;">Ro</span></span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 1.5pt; line-height: 115%;">of cat</span></span><span class="l8"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 1.5pt; line-height: 115%;">chm</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 1.5pt; line-height: 115%;">ent</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 1.5pt; line-height: 115%;">s
sho</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 1.5pt; line-height: 115%;">uld also be cl</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 1.5pt; line-height: 115%;">eaned reg</span></span><span class="l8"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 1.5pt; line-height: 115%;">ula</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 1.5pt; line-height: 115%;">rly to rem</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 1.5pt; line-height: 115%;">ove
dus</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 1.5pt; line-height: 115%;">t, </span></span><span class="a"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 0.75pt; line-height: 115%;">leaves and bird droppings so as to maintain the quality
of the </span></span><span class="a"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">water. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span class="a"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 0.75pt; line-height: 115%;">Settling tanks
for collecting rainwater harvested using </span></span><span class="a"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 2.25pt; line-height: 115%;">gu</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 2.25pt; line-height: 115%;">tter</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 2.25pt; line-height: 115%;">in</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 2.25pt; line-height: 115%;">g ma</span></span><span class="l8"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 2.25pt; line-height: 115%;">y be ei</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 2.25pt; line-height: 115%;">ther
abov</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 2.25pt; line-height: 115%;">e or be</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 2.25pt; line-height: 115%;">lo</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 2.25pt; line-height: 115%;">w th</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 2.25pt; line-height: 115%;">e
grou</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 2.25pt; line-height: 115%;">nd. Precauti</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 2.25pt; line-height: 115%;">on</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 2.25pt; line-height: 115%;">s </span></span><span class="a"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 0.75pt; line-height: 115%;">required in
the use of se tanks include provision of an adequate </span></span><span class="a"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 1.5pt; line-height: 115%;">enc</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 1.5pt; line-height: 115%;">losure to mi</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 1.5pt; line-height: 115%;">nim</span></span><span class="l8"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 1.5pt; line-height: 115%;">ize con</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 1.5pt; line-height: 115%;">tam</span></span><span class="l8"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 1.5pt; line-height: 115%;">ina</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 1.5pt; line-height: 115%;">tio</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 1.5pt; line-height: 115%;">n fro</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 1.5pt; line-height: 115%;">m hum</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 1.5pt; line-height: 115%;">an,
animal or other </span></span><span class="a"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 0.75pt; line-height: 115%;">environmental
contaminants, and a tight cover to prevent algal growth and the breeding of
mosquitoes. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Sr.No<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Garage Name<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Garage owner name<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Address<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">No.of rickshaw
pullers staying in the garage<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Water Harvesting
status<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Remarks<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Date of visit<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Vijay<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #93CDDD; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 60.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Vijay
Tirkey<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #93CDDD; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 60.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Near
Krishi Bazar, Pandra, Ranchi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #93CDDD; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 60.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">50<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #93CDDD; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 60.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Yes;
Important<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #93CDDD; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 60.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #93CDDD; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 60.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">29-01-2018<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 62.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: #93CDDD; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 62.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #93CDDD; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 62.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Amit<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #93CDDD; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 62.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Amit kr.
Bhagat<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #93CDDD; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 62.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Piska
More<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #93CDDD; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 62.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">70<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #93CDDD; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 62.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Yes;
Important<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #93CDDD; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 62.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #93CDDD; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 62.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">29-01-2018<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 69.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 69.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">3<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 69.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">SLK<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 69.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Suresh
Kachhap<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 69.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Piska
More<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 69.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">15<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 69.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">No<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 69.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Shed not
much and well is not owned by owner but garage owner has himself made some
water harvesting system. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 69.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">29-01-2018<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 60.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="background: #93CDDD; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 60.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #93CDDD; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 60.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Pawan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #93CDDD; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 60.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Pawan
Sharma<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #93CDDD; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 60.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Piska
More<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #93CDDD; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 60.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">40<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #93CDDD; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 60.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Yes<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #93CDDD; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 60.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #93CDDD; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 60.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">29-01-2018<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 56.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 56.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">5<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 56.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">BPK<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 56.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Suresh<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 56.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Karam
toli<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 56.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">40<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 56.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">No<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 56.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Has
naturally available water resources which maintains the water level.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 56.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">29-01-2018<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 35.1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="background: #93CDDD; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 35.1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">6<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #93CDDD; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 35.1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">JPB<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #93CDDD; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 35.1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Jagdish
Bagla<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #93CDDD; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 35.1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Piska
More<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #93CDDD; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 35.1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">20<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #93CDDD; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 35.1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Yes;
Important<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #93CDDD; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 35.1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #93CDDD; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 35.1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">30-01-2018<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 51.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 51.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">7<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 51.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Guddu<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 51.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Rajiv
Agarwal<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 51.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Near
Uphar cinema, Ratu road<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 51.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">30<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 51.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">No<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 51.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Consist
of self built water system which maintains water level<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 51.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">30-01-2018<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 48.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 48.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">8<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 48.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Mitu<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 48.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Jayant Agarwal<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 48.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Near
Uphar cinema, Ratu road<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 48.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">30<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 48.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">No<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 48.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Land too
low so naturally land absorbs water, sheds are not available in much<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 48.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">30-01-2018<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 36.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 36.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">9<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 36.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">MPS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 36.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Madhukar
Singh<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 36.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Near
Pahadi Mandir<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 36.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">25<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 36.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">No<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 36.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">No well;
no boring and monthly rented land<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 36.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">30-01-2018<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 39.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 39.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">10<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 39.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Sunil<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 39.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Sunil
Yadav<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 39.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Near
Pahadi Mandir<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 39.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">50<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 39.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">No<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 39.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Less
possibility of holding rain water<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 39.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="bottom"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">30-01-2018<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Acknowledgement:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">This survey was carried out with the help of Mrs.</span>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Aprajita Mishra and </span>Smita Dasgupta of Maitri India,
Ranchi. <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<br /></div>
Environment and Geologyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06742566655127435206noreply@blogger.com0Ranchi, Jharkhand, India23.3440997 85.30956200000002823.1108367 84.986838500000033 23.577362700000002 85.632285500000023tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5236125790665654449.post-5053826897741885722019-09-12T14:11:00.001+05:302019-09-12T14:11:12.765+05:30Natural source of ground water near Ranchi city.<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ySOugNyiQTw" width="480"></iframe>Environment and Geologyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06742566655127435206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5236125790665654449.post-78138662012829541942019-09-12T14:06:00.001+05:302019-09-12T14:08:03.868+05:30Rain water harvesting. Simplest way. <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/yWb_7VocMAw" width="480"></iframe></div>
Environment and Geologyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06742566655127435206noreply@blogger.com0Ranchi, Jharkhand, India23.3440997 85.30956200000002823.1108367 84.986838500000033 23.577362700000002 85.632285500000023tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5236125790665654449.post-56473541028779334002019-09-12T14:00:00.001+05:302019-09-12T14:02:31.549+05:30Beauty of Tazna River near Ranchi.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/6dfZLgQ6mg8" width="480"></iframe></div>
Environment and Geologyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06742566655127435206noreply@blogger.com0Ranchi, Jharkhand, India23.3440997 85.30956200000002823.1108367 84.986838500000033 23.577362700000002 85.632285500000023tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5236125790665654449.post-78749795682356723672017-10-21T22:20:00.000+05:302017-10-23T16:46:13.932+05:30हिमालय से भी करोडो साल पुरानी हैं झारखण्ड की नदियाँ। <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 115%;">यहाँ</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 115%;">नदियां</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 115%;">करोडो</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 115%;">साल</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 115%;">पुरानी</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 115%;">होंगी।</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 115%;">गंगा</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 115%;">यमुना</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 115%;">से</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 115%;">भी</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 115%;">बहुत</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif"; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 115%;">पुरानी।</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif; line-height: 115%;">द्वारा</span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif; line-height: 115%;">डा</span><span style="line-height: 115%;">. </span><span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif; line-height: 115%;">नितीश</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif; line-height: 115%;">प्रियदर्शी</span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif; line-height: 115%;">भूवैज्ञानिक</span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">आज</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">नदियों</span><span style="line-height: 115%;">
</span><span style="line-height: 115%;">अस्तित्व</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">ही</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">खतरे</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">में</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">है।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">सब</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">जानते</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">हैं</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">कि</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">नदियों</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">किनारे</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">ही</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">अनेक</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">मानव</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">सभ्यताओं</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">का</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">जन्म</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">और</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">विकास</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">हुआ</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">है।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">नदी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">तमाम</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">मानव</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">संस्कृतियों</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">जननी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">है।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">प्रकृति</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">गोद</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">में</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">रहने</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">वाले</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">हमारे</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">पुरखे</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">नदी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;">-</span><span style="line-height: 115%;">जल</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">अहमियत</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">समझते</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">थे।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">निश्चित</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">ही</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">यही</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">कारण</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">रहा</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">होगा</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">कि</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">उन्होंने</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">नदियों</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">महिमा</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">में</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">ग्रंथों</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">तक</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">रचना</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">कर</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">दी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">और</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">अनेक</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">ग्रंथों</span><span style="line-height: 115%;">-</span><span style="line-height: 115%;">पुराणों</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">में</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">नदियों</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">महिमा</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">का</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">बखान</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">कर</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">दिया।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">भारत</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">महान</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">पूर्वजों</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">ने</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">नदियों</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">को</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">अपनी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">मां</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">और</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">देवी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">स्वरूपा</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">बताया</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">है।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">नदियों</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">बिना</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">मनुष्य</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">का</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">जीवन</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">संभव</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">नहीं</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">है</span><span style="line-height: 115%;">, </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">इस</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">सत्य</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">को</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">वे</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">भली</span><span style="line-height: 115%;">-</span><span style="line-height: 115%;">भांति</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">जानते</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">थे।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">इसीलिए</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">उन्होंने</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">कई</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">त्योहारों</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">और</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">मेलों</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">रचना</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">ऐसी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">है</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">कि</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">समय</span><span style="line-height: 115%;">-</span><span style="line-height: 115%;">समय</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">पर</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">समस्त</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">भारतवासी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">नदी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">महत्व</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">को</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">समझ</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">सकें।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">नदियों</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">से</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">खुद</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">को</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">जोड़</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">सकें।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">नदियों</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">संरक्षण</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">लिए</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">चिंतन</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">कर</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">सकें।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">अगर</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">नदियां</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">ही</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">नहीं</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">रहेंगी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">तो</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">मानव</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">सभ्यता</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">ही</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">खतरे</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">में</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">पद</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">जाएगी।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">झारखण्ड</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">में</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">भी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">नदियों</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">अस्तित्व</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">पर</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">खतरा</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">मंडरा</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">रहा</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">है।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">नदियों</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">का</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">महत्व</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">जानना</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">हो</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">तो</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">इसके</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">इतिहास</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">को</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">भी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">जानना</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">होगा</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">कैसे</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">और</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">कब</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">झारखण्ड</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">में</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">नदियां</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">अस्तित्व</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">में</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">आईं।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">नदियों</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">का</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">जन्म</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">एवं</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">विकास</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">एक</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">लम्बी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">कहानी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">है।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">हर</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">नदियों</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">का</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">अपना</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">एक</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">उद्गम</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">स्थल</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">होता</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">है।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">नदी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">का</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">उद्गम</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">पहाड़</span><span style="line-height: 115%;">, </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">जंगल</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">आदि</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">क्षेत्र</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">में</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">होता</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">है।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">इनका</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">जन्म</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">यकायक</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">नहीं</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">होता</span><span style="line-height: 115%;">, </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">प्रत्युत्त</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">क्रमबद्ध</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">विधि</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">से</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">अनेक</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">जलधाराएं</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">मिलकर</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">एक</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">पूर्ण</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">विकसित</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">सरिता</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">का</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">रूप</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">लेती</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">है।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">नदियों</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">उत्पत्ति</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">कब</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">हुई</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">ये</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">कहना</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">बहुत</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">मुश्किल</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">है</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">लेकिन</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">संभावना</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">व्यक्त</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">जा</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">सकती</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">है।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">अगर</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">छोटानागपुर</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">पठार</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">बात</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">करे</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">तो</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">ये</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">प्राचीनतम</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">चट्टानों</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">से</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">निर्मित</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">है।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">यहाँ</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">चट्टानों</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">आयु</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">६००</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">मिलियन</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">वर्ष</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">से</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">भी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">अधिक</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">है</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">तो</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">यहाँ</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">नदियां</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">भी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">करोडो</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">साल</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">पुरानी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">होंगी।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">गंगा</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">यमुना</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">से</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">भी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">बहुत</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">पुरानी।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">हिमालय</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">बनने</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">बाद</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">गंगा</span><span style="line-height: 115%;">, </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">यमुना</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">इत्यादि</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">नदियां</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">अस्तित्व</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">में</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">आईं।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">झारखंड</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">पठार</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">हिमालय</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">से</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">भी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">करोड़ों</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">साल</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">पुराने</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">हैं।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">हिमालय</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">उत्पत्ति</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">आज</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">से</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">लगभग</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">५०</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">से</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">६०</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">मिलियन</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">वर्ष</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">पहले</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">शुरू</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">हुई</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">जब</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">भारतीय</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">प्रायद्वीप</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">तिब्बत</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">पठार</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">से</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">टकराया।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">जब</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">हिमालय</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">बन</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">रहा</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">था</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">उसी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">वक़्त</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">झारखण्ड</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">में</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">भी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">काफी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">उथलपुथल</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">हो</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">रहा</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">था।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">वैसे</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">हिमालये</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">बनने</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">करोड़ों</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">साल</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">पहले</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">भी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">यहाँ</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">उथल</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">पुथल</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">हुआ</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">था</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">जिसका</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">साक्ष्य</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">यहाँ</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">चट्टानों</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">में</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">पड़े</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">वलन</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">से</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">पता</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">चलता</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">है।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">आज</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">से</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">लगभग</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">४००</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">मिलियन</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">वर्ष</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">पहले</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">डेवोनियन</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">काल</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">में</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">झारखण्ड</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">में</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">दामोदर</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">घाटी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">का</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">निर्माण</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">हुआ</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">जहाँ</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">से</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">होके</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">दामोदर</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">नदी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">बहती</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">है।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">इस</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">काल</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">को</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">मत्स्य</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">काल</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">भी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">कहते</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">हैं।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">उस</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">वक़्त</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">पृथ्वी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">पर</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">विशाल</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">पर्वत</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">बनने</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">प्रक्रिया</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">चल</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">रही</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">थी।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">चट्टानों</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">में</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">लम्बी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">दरारें</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">पड़ी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">जो</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">शायद</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">आगे</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">चल</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">नदियों</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">उद्गम</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">में</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">प्रमुख</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">भूमिका</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">निभाया।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">आज</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">जो</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">हम</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">रांची</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">पठार</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">बनावट</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">देख</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">रहे</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">हैं</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">करोडो</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">साल</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">पहले</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">ऐसी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">नहीं</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">थी।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">ये</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">एक</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">बेसिन</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">था</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">जो</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">बाद</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">में</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">सेडीमेंट्स</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">या</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">अवसाद</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">से</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">भर</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">गया</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">तथा</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">बाद</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">में</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">एक</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">पठार</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">का</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">रूप</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">लिए</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">और</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">उसके</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">बाद</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">शायद</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">स्वर्णरेखा</span><span style="line-height: 115%;">, </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">कोयल</span><span style="line-height: 115%;">, </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">कारो</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">इत्यादि</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">नदियों</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">उत्पत्ति</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">हुई</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">होगी।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">हिमालय</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">बनने</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">दौरान</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">यहाँ</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">ज्यादा</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">ही</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">उथल</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">पुथल</span><span style="line-height: 115%;">
</span><span style="line-height: 115%;">हुआ।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;">
</span><span style="line-height: 115%;">घाटियाँ</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">बनी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> , </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">कुछ</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">भाग</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">उठा</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">तो</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">कुछ</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">भाग</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">धंसा</span><span style="line-height: 115%;">, </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">जल</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">प्रपात</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">बने</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;">
</span><span style="line-height: 115%;">छोटानागपुर</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">पठार</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">नदियां</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">या</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">तो</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">पहाड़</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">से</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">निकली</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">जैसे</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">दामोदर</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">या</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">फिर</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">धरती</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">नीचे</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">से</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">जैसे</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">सवर्णरेखा।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">दामोदर</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">नदी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">छोटानागपुर</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">पहाड़ियों</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">से</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> 610 </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">मीटर</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">ऊँचाई</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">से</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">निकलकर</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">लगभग</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> 290 </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">किलोमीटर</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">झारखण्ड</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">में</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">प्रवाहित</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">होने</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">बाद</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">पश्चिम</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">बंगाल</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">में</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">प्रवेश</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">कर</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> 240 </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">किलोमीटर</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">प्रवाहित</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">होकर</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">हुगली</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">नदी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">में</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">मिल</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">जाती</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">है।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">लेकिन</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">देखा</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">जाये</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">तो</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">सारी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">नदियां</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">पृथ्वी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">नीचे</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">से</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">दरारों</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">से</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">होती</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">हुई</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">ऊपर</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">आईं।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">हो</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">सकता</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">है</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">कुछ</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">छोटी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">नदियों</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">उत्पत्ति</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> ,</span><span style="line-height: 115%;">हिमालय</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">बनने</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">दौरान</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">हुई</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;">
</span><span style="line-height: 115%;">यहाँ</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">सारी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">नदियां</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">बारिश</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">के</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">जल</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">पर</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">ही</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">निर्भर</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">हैं।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">इतना</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">तय</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">है</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">छोटनागपुर</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">पठार</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">की</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">नदियां</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">करोड़ों</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">साल</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">पुरानी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;">
</span><span style="line-height: 115%;">हैं।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">हिमालय</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">से</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">भी</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">करोडो</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">साल</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">पुरानी।</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-size: 22pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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Environment and Geologyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06742566655127435206noreply@blogger.com0Ranchi, Jharkhand, India23.3440997 85.30956200000002823.1108367 84.986838500000033 23.577362700000002 85.632285500000023tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5236125790665654449.post-15338414002960866152017-06-03T11:01:00.000+05:302017-06-03T11:01:07.548+05:30आसमानी बिजली से कैसे बचा जाये? <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b>बिजली गिरने से हर साल कई लोगों की मृत्यु हो जाती है।</b></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal; mso-bidi-language: HI;">द्वारा </span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal; mso-bidi-language: HI;">डा. नितीश प्रियदर्शी </span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal; mso-bidi-language: HI;">भूवैज्ञानिक एवं पर्यावरणविद। </span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal; mso-bidi-language: HI;">राँची</span><span lang="HI"> </span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal; mso-bidi-language: HI;">।</span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal; mso-bidi-language: HI;"><span lang="HI" style="font-size: 12pt;">भारत में पिछले कुछ वर्षों से मौसम लगातार
बदल रहा है जिसके चलते आंधी तूफ़ान तथा आसमान से बिजली गिरने की खबर आ रही है।
बिजली गिरने से हर साल कई लोगों की मृत्यु हो जाती है। इस वर्ष भी आसमानी बिजली गिरने
की वजह से कई लोगों की असामायिक मृत्यु हुई खासकर बिहार </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, </span><span lang="HI" style="font-size: 12pt;">झारखण्ड
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, </span><span lang="HI" style="font-size: 12pt;">ओड़िसा</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, </span><span lang="HI" style="font-size: 12pt;">मध्य प्रदेश इत्यादि राज्यों में। २०१६ में बिजली गिरने से बिहार</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, </span><span lang="HI" style="font-size: 12pt;">झारखंड
और मध्यप्रदेश में करीब १०० से ऊपर लोगों की
मौत हो गई</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, </span><span lang="HI" style="font-size: 12pt;">जबकि </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">24</span><span lang="HI" style="font-size: 12pt;"> लोग घायल
हुए। इस प्राकतिक आपदा में </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">13</span><span lang="HI" style="font-size: 12pt;"> पशुओं
की भी मौत हुई। बिहार के पटना</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, </span><span lang="HI" style="font-size: 12pt;">नालंदा</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, </span><span lang="HI" style="font-size: 12pt;">पूर्णिया</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, </span><span lang="HI" style="font-size: 12pt;">भोजपुर</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, </span><span lang="HI" style="font-size: 12pt;">रोहतास</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">, </span><span lang="HI" style="font-size: 12pt;">बक्सर और
औरंगाबाद में आसमानी बिजली इंसानों पर कहर बनकर टूटी</span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="HI" style="font-size: 12pt;">। झारखंड
और उत्तर प्रदेश में भी अलग-अलग जगहों पर बिजली गिरने से कई लोगों की मौत हुई। लोगों में जागरूकता की कमी से लोगों को जान से
हाथ धोना पड़ता है।</span></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal; mso-bidi-language: HI;">आइये ये जानने की कोशिश करें की जब आसमान में कस के बिजली चमक रही हो तो क्या करना
चाहिए। १. ऊँचे मकानो के अंदर पनाह ले और याद
रखें जब आखिरी बार बिजली चमकी हो उसके आधे
घंटे बाद तक उसी मकान के अंदर रहें। २. किसी
भी पेड़ के नीचे न जाएँ। ३. अगर आप गाडी चला
रहें हो तो रोक के उसी के अंदर रहें तथा गाडी के अंदर किसी धातु को न छुए। ४. अगर आप खुली जगह पे हैं जहाँ पर छिपने की कोई
भी जगह नहीं है तो किसी समतल या नीचे जगह वाले क्षेत्र में झुक कर बैठ जाएं। याद रखें ऊँची जगह या जल जमाव वाला क्षेत्र न हो। ५ मोबाइल टावर के आस पास गलती से भी न जाएँ। ६ मोबाइल फ़ोन को स्विच ऑफ कर दें अगर आप खुली जगह
पर हैं। ७. लोगों को लगता है की पाकेट से धातु
के सामानों को हटा देने से उनपर बिजली नहीं गिरेगी तो ये सोचना गलत है। ८ ऊँचे घरों पर तड़ित चालक जरूर लगाएं खासकर जो मकान
खुले में हों। ९. खेतों से तुरंत हट जाएँ। १०. जिनको पेसमेकर लगा हो वो ज्यादा सावधानी बरतें
और बादल जब गरज रहे हों तो घर से बाहर न निकले।
११. जंगल में होने पर निचले स्थान या घाटी क्षेत्र में रहें</span>, <span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal; mso-bidi-language: HI;">लेकिन वहां आकस्मिक बाढ़ से
भी सावधान रहें। १२. किसी पहाड़ी की चोटी पर
खड़े न हों। १३. यदि आपके सिर के बाल खड़े हो
रहे हों तो आपके आसपास खतरा हो सकता है। १४.
अगर बादल गरज रहे हों</span>, <span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal; mso-bidi-language: HI;">और आपके रोंगटे खड़े हो रहे हैं तो ये इस बात का संकेत है कि
बिजली गिर सकती है। १५. अगर किसी पर बिजली गिर जाए</span>, <span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal; mso-bidi-language: HI;">तो तत्काल डॉक्टर की मदद मांगें। ऐसे लोगों को छूने से आपको कोई नुकसान नहीं पहुंचेगा। अगर किसी पर बिजली गिरी है तो तत्काल उसकी नब्ज
जांचें और अगर आप प्रथम उपचार देना जानते हैं तो अवश्य दें। १६. बिजली गिरने के बाद
तुरंत बाहर न निकलें. अधिकाशं मौतें तुफ़ान गुज़र जाने के </span>30<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal; mso-bidi-language: HI;"> मिनट बाद तक बिजली गिरने से होती
हैं। १७. दोपहर में इसके गिरने की अधिक आशंका होती है।१८. जब आप घर के भीतर हों तो
बिजली से संचालित उपकरणों से दूर रहें</span>, <span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal; mso-bidi-language: HI;">तार वाले टेलीफोन का उपयोग नहीं करना चाहिए। खिडकियां
व दरवाजे बंद कर दें बरामदे और छत से दूर रहें। इसके अलावा ऐसी वस्तुएं जो बिजली के
सुचालक हैं उनसे भी दूर रहना चाहिए। धातु से बने पाइप</span>, <span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal; mso-bidi-language: HI;">नल</span>, <span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal; mso-bidi-language: HI;">फव्वारा</span>, <span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal; mso-bidi-language: HI;">वाश बेसिन आदि के संपर्क से दूर रहना
चाहिए। १९. नंगे पैर फर्श या जमीन पर कभी खड़े ना रहें।</span></div>
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Environment and Geologyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06742566655127435206noreply@blogger.com0Ranchi, Jharkhand, India23.3440997 85.30956200000002823.1108367 84.986838500000033 23.577362700000002 85.632285500000023tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5236125790665654449.post-28452533453130923812017-03-18T14:16:00.000+05:302017-03-18T14:22:59.469+05:30Assessment of the health of Jharkhand Rivers.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Pollution is the the big threat.</span></b></div>
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<b>by</b></div>
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<b>Dr. Nitish Priyadarshi</b></div>
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<b>nitish.priyadarshi@gmail.com</b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Physiography :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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The spatial extent of Jharkhand State is approximately 21°
55’ to 25° 35’ North Latitude and 83° 20’ to 88° 02’ East Longitude. The state
is land locked and it shares its boundary with Orissa on the southeast,
Chattisgarh on the southwest, Bihar on the north, <st1:place w:st="on">West
Bengal</st1:place> on the east and Uttar Pradesh on the northwest. It
comprises of the Chotanagpur Plateau, which forms a part of <st1:place w:st="on">Deccan</st1:place>
bio-geographic province. It is a hilly undulating plateau characterized by
predominantly tropical forests and tribal settlements. The State is endowed
with natural resources that need to be conserved and utilized in a sustainable
manner for all-round development of the state in general and the marginalized
tribal population in particular. The total geographical area of the State is
79.70 lakh hectares, out of which 23.22 lakh hectares (29.33%) are under
forests; 5.66 lakh hectares (7.12%) are barren lands; 7.24 lakh hectares
(9.10%) are put to non-agricultural use; 0.90 lakh hectares (1.15%) are under
pastures & other grazing lands; 3.07 lakh hectares (3.86%) are cultivable
wastelands; 0.88 lakh hectares (1.11%) are under miscellaneous trees and
groves; 12.04 lakh hectares (15.14%) are current fallows; 8.45 lakh hectares
(10.63%) are under other fallows; and 17.95 lakh hectares (22.58%) are the net
sown area. The number of electrified villages is 14667 (45.0 per cent of the
total villages). 26.0 per cent (8484) per cent of the total villages are
connected by roads. </div>
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The lengths of the National Highways and the State Highways
are 1006 and 4662 kms respectively. The state has different relief because of
its physiography as it consists of four series of plateaus of having different
heights. The highest plateau lies in the west known as Western or Higher Ranchi
Plateau or locally known as the Pat region located at 2500 to 3600 feet above
sea level covering northern part of the old <st1:city w:st="on">Ranchi</st1:city> district and the southern edge of the
old Palamu district. The term Pat represents a feature similar to a table with
steep edges around and a flat top. It is full of dissected hills having a hill
station, Netarhat, at the top. The second plateau is known as Ranchi Plateau
having a height of 2000 feet composed of gneisses and granites. It is separated
by the Damodar trough from the Hazaribagh Plateau. The next plateau is Lower
Chotanagpur Plateau consisting mainly of gneisses and granite and partly of
schists and other Dharwar rocks. Page 4 of 28 The other plateaus are the Rajmahal
Hills and the Kaimur Plateau. These plateaus are separated by the narrow and
steep slopes known as scarps. It is believed that before the Chotanagpur
Peneplain was successfully uplifted thrice by the side effect of the three
violent Himalayan movements in Tertiary times continued till Pleistocene times
resulting in well-known waterfalls like Hundru, Jonha, etc. on the scarps. The
first upliftment took place during the Eocene to Oligocene period creating Pat
region, the second one during Miocene forming the <st1:city w:st="on">Ranchi</st1:city> and Hazaribagh Plateau and the third
one during Pliocene and Pleistocene period uplifting the outer Chotanagpur
Plateau. All plateaus are the parts of the same plain successively uplifted
during Tertiary and Pliestocene times. </div>
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Marvelous eye catching rare geological/geomorphological
features like rejuvenated meandering and deep cutting young rivers like Damodar
are the uniqueness in the State. It is rate because of combination of senility
with the character of young rivers. The state has the luxuriant forests and
lush green rolling seasonal meadows. Magnificent undulating hills and valleys
are the special attraction. The golden river ‘Swarnarekha’ adds melody in the
pristine environment along the course. A combination of table-top flat lands
and the peneplain with dome shaped exfoliating hillocks resembling like
inverted Nagara (drum) are spread over the state. Further, the Tors or the
balanced diamond shaped rocks are also present wonderful nature of the state.</div>
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<b>Climate, temperature and Rainfall:</b></div>
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The state falls under the Tropical Monsoon climatic region.
The Tropic of Cancer cuts across the state passing through the middle of the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Ranchi</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">City</st1:placetype></st1:place>.
The average temperature of the state is 25° C, which varies greatly because of
varying heights of different plateaus mentioned above. The average temperature
of the Pat region is below 23° C while rest of the state records average annual
temperature between 23 and 26° C except the eastern part of Santhal Pargana
region, East Singhbhum, Garhwa, Palamu and the northern part of Chatra
districts where it is above 26° C. There are extremities in climate in the
state in two seasons- summer and winter. The hottest areas are found towards
the north western part of the state (Daltonganj), around <st1:city w:st="on">Jamshedpur</st1:city> and Dhanbad cities having more
than 40° C temperatures. Similarly, the state gets affected by the cold waves
with less than 5° C temperature and reeling cold. The average annual rainfall
in the state is 1400 mm with more than 4/5th rainfall between June to
September. It also gets rainfall from the branch of monsoon from the <st1:place w:st="on">Arabian Sea</st1:place>. There are also variations in rainfall
varying from below 1200 mm to 1800 mm. There are five climatic regions in the
state. One, North Eastern and North Central Plateau Region (Western part of
Santhal Pargana region, Giridih, Kodarma and Northern Hazaribagh); two, Upper
Chotanagpur region (Pat region, Ranchi Plateau, Gumla and the plateau region of
outer Chotanagpur spread in Simdega); three, South Eastern Region (East
Singhbhum, Saraikela and West Singhbhum); four , Eastern Region (Sahibganj,
Pakur, eastern Deoghar, eastern Jamtara and north eastern part of Saraikela);
and five, North Western Lower Plateau Region (Garhwa and Palamu).</div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">River Basins of Jharkhand:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /><!--[endif]--></span></div>
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<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
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<strong><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">S.N.</span></strong><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 338.25pt;" width="451"><div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">NAME
OF RIVER BASIN/ <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">SUB-RIVER</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">BASIN</st1:placetype></st1:place></span></strong><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 38.25pt;" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 338.25pt;" width="451"><div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Subernarekha</span></st1:placename><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> <st1:placetype w:st="on">River
Basin</st1:placetype></span></st1:place><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 38.25pt;" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 338.25pt;" width="451"><div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Kharkai</span></st1:placename><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> <st1:placetype w:st="on">River</st1:placetype>
<st1:placename w:st="on">Sub-</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Basin</st1:placetype></span></st1:place><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 38.25pt;" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 338.25pt;" width="451"><div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">South</span></st1:placename><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> <st1:placename w:st="on">Koel</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">River Basin</st1:placetype></span></st1:place><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 38.25pt;" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 338.25pt;" width="451"><div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Barakar</span></st1:placename><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> <st1:placetype w:st="on">River</st1:placetype>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">Sub-Basin</st1:placetype></span></st1:place><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 38.25pt;" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 338.25pt;" width="451"><div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Damodar</span></st1:placename><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> <st1:placetype w:st="on">River
Basin</st1:placetype></span></st1:place><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 38.25pt;" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">6<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 338.25pt;" width="451"><div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Sankh</span></st1:placename><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> <st1:placetype w:st="on">River
Basin</st1:placetype></span></st1:place><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 38.25pt;" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">7<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 338.25pt;" width="451"><div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">North</span></st1:placename><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> <st1:placename w:st="on">Koel</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">River basin</st1:placetype></span></st1:place><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 38.25pt;" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 338.25pt;" width="451"><div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Punpun</span></st1:placename><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> <st1:placetype w:st="on">River
Basin</st1:placetype></span></st1:place><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 38.25pt;" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">9<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 338.25pt;" width="451"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Sone(Stem)-
Kanhar and <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Kao-Gangi</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">River</st1:placetype> <st1:placename w:st="on">Composite</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">Basin</st1:placetype></st1:place><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 38.25pt;" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 338.25pt;" width="451"><div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Mayurakshi</span></st1:placename><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> <st1:placetype w:st="on">River
Basin</st1:placetype></span></st1:place><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 38.25pt;" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">11<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 338.25pt;" width="451"><div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Ajay</span></st1:placename><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> <st1:placetype w:st="on">River
Basin</st1:placetype></span></st1:place><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 38.25pt;" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">12<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 338.25pt;" width="451"><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Ganga</span></st1:placename><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> <st1:placename w:st="on">Stem</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Basin</st1:placetype></span></st1:place><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 38.25pt;" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">13<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 338.25pt;" width="451"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Gumani
and Koa- Bhena basin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 38.25pt;" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">14<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 338.25pt;" width="451"><div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Belsai</span></st1:placename><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> <st1:placename w:st="on">Chandan</st1:placename>
<st1:placename w:st="on">Chir</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">River
basin</st1:placetype></span></st1:place><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 15; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 38.25pt;" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">15<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 338.25pt;" width="451"><div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Harohar</span></st1:placename><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> <st1:placetype w:st="on">River
Basin</st1:placetype></span></st1:place><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: white; mso-cellspacing: 0in; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 18.75pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: #FFFF99; height: 18.75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 610.5pt;" width="814"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>Govt. of
Jharkhand<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 24.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: #FFFF99; height: 24.0pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>Water Resources
Department<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: #FFFF99; height: 25.5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>River Basin wise
Ongoing Major & Medium Schemes<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: white; border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Sl.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Name of
the Projects <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 108.75pt;" width="145"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Ultimate
Irrigation Potential (in th. ha.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 181.5pt;" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">District<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">(A)
Ongoing Major Irrigation Project.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 181.5pt;" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td colspan="4" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><strong><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">SUBARNAREKHA</span></strong></st1:placename><strong><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> <st1:placetype w:st="on">RIVER
BASIN</st1:placetype></span></strong></st1:place><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Subernarekha
Multipurpose Project.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="5" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">265.000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="5" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 181.5pt;" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">East
Singhbhum,<br />
<st1:place w:st="on">West Singhbhum</st1:place>,<br />
Saraikela - Kharsawan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">(i)
Chandil Dam, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Main</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">Canal</st1:placetype></st1:place> & its
Distributaries<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">(ii)
Icha Dam, Main Canal & Distributaries<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">(iii) <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Galudih</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">Barrage & Right</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">Main</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">Canal</st1:placetype></st1:place><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">(iv)
Kharkai Barrage, Main Canal & Distributaries<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td colspan="3" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 429.0pt;" width="572"><div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><strong><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">AJAY</span></strong></st1:placename><strong><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> <st1:placetype w:st="on">RIVER
BASIN</st1:placetype></span></strong></st1:place><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 181.5pt;" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Ajay
Barrage Project <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">40.150<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 181.5pt;" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Deoghar/Jamtara<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Punasi
Res. Project <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">24.290<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 181.5pt;" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Deoghar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td colspan="4" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 610.5pt;" width="814"><div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">GUMANI
AND KOA - <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">BHENA</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">BASIN</st1:placetype></st1:place></span></strong><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Gumani
Barrage Project <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">16.190<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 181.5pt;" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Sahebganj/Pakur<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td colspan="4" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><strong><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">NORTH</span></strong></st1:placename><strong><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> <st1:placename w:st="on">KOEL</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">RIVER BASIN</st1:placetype></span></strong></st1:place><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 15;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Amanat
Barrage Project<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">25.000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 181.5pt;" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Palamu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 16;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">6<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:place w:st="on"><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">North Koel</span></st1:place><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> Res. Project <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">19.740<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 181.5pt;" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Palamu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 17;">
<td colspan="3" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 429.0pt;" width="572"><div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><strong><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">DAMODAR</span></strong></st1:placename><strong><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> <st1:placetype w:st="on">RIVER
BASIN</st1:placetype></span></strong></st1:place><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 181.5pt;" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Deoghar/Jamtara<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 18;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">7<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Konar
Res. Project <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">62.790<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 181.5pt;" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Giridih<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 19;">
<td colspan="4" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><strong><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">GANGA</span></strong></st1:placename><strong><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> <st1:placename w:st="on">STEM</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">BASIN</st1:placetype></span></strong></st1:place><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 20;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Bateshwar</span></st1:placename><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> <st1:placename w:st="on">Sthan</st1:placename>
<st1:placename w:st="on">Pump</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Canal</st1:placetype></span></st1:place><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> Project<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">8.600<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 181.5pt;" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Godda<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 21;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Sub-Total <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">461.760<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 181.5pt;" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 22;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">(B)
Ongoing Medium Irrigation Project <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 181.5pt;" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 23;">
<td colspan="3" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><strong><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">SOUTH</span></strong></st1:placename><strong><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> <st1:placename w:st="on">KOEL</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">RIVER BASIN</st1:placetype></span></strong></st1:place><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 181.5pt;" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 24;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Dhansinghtoli
Res. Project <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">2.990<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 181.5pt;" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Gumla<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 25;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Katri
Res. Project <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">5.060<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 181.5pt;" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Gumla<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 26;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Kans</span></st1:place></st1:state><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> Res. Scheme<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">2.480<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 181.5pt;" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Ranchi</span></st1:place></st1:city><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 27;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Sukari
Reservoir Scheme<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">0.440<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 181.5pt;" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Lohardaga<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 28;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Latratu
Reservoir <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">9.900<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 181.5pt;" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Ranchi</span></st1:place></st1:city><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 29;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">6<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Tapkara
Reservoir<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">1.860<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 181.5pt;" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Gumla/
Simdega<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 30;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">7<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Kanti
Reservoir Scheme<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">4.370<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 181.5pt;" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Ranchi</span></st1:place></st1:city><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 31;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Satpotka
Res. Scheme<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">2.360<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 181.5pt;" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:place w:st="on"><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">West Singhbhum</span></st1:place><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 32;">
<td colspan="3" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><strong><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">SUBARNAREKHA</span></strong></st1:placename><strong><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> <st1:placetype w:st="on">RIVER
BASIN</st1:placetype></span></strong></st1:place><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 181.5pt;" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 33;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">9<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Surangi
Res. Project <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">2.601<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 181.5pt;" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Ranchi</span></st1:place></st1:city><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 34;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Tajna
Reservoir Scheme<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">5.670<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 181.5pt;" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Khunti<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 35;">
<td colspan="3" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 429.0pt;" width="572"><div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><strong><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">KHARKAI</span></strong></st1:placename><strong><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> <st1:placetype w:st="on">RIVER</st1:placetype>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">SUB-BASIN</st1:placetype></span></strong></st1:place><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 181.5pt;" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Chatra<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 36;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">11<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Sonua
Res.Project <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">8.008<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 181.5pt;" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:place w:st="on"><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">West Singhbhum</span></st1:place><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 37;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">12<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Suru
Res. Project <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">4.440<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 181.5pt;" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Saraikela-Kharsawan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 38;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">13<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Nakti
Res. Project <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">2.250<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 181.5pt;" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:place w:st="on"><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">West Singhbhum</span></st1:place><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 39;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">14<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Jharjhara
Res. Project <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">4.860<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 181.5pt;" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:place w:st="on"><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">West Singhbhum</span></st1:place><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 40;">
<td colspan="3" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 429.0pt;" width="572"><div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">DAMODAR</span></st1:placename><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> <st1:placetype w:st="on">RIVER
BASIN</st1:placetype></span></st1:place><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 41;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">15<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Garhi
Res. Project <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 181.5pt;" width="242"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Chatra<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 42;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">16<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Bhairwa
Res. Project <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">4.800<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Hazaribagh<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 43;">
<td colspan="3" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><strong><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">BARAKAR</span></strong></st1:placename><strong><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> <st1:placetype w:st="on">RIVER</st1:placetype>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">SUB-BASIN</st1:placetype></span></strong></st1:place><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 44;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">17<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Salaiya
Res. Scheme<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">2.670<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Hazaribagh<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 45;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">18<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Panchkhero
Res. Project <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">3.085<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Hazaribagh/
Koderma<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 46;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">19<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Kesho
Res. Project <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">3.560<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 47;">
<td colspan="4" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">PUNPUN</span></st1:placename><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> <st1:placetype w:st="on">RIVER
BASIN</st1:placetype></span></st1:place><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 48;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">20<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Batane
Res. Project <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">1.660<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Palamu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 49;">
<td colspan="4" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><strong><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">MAYURAKCHI</span></strong></st1:placename><strong><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> <st1:placetype w:st="on">RIVER
BASIN</st1:placetype></span></strong></st1:place><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 50;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">21<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Torai
Res. Scheme<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">8.000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Godda<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 51;">
<td colspan="4" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">SANKH</span></st1:placename><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"> <st1:placetype w:st="on">RIVER
BASIN</st1:placetype></span></st1:place><span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 52;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">22<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Upper
Sankh Res. Project <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">7.070<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Gumla<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 53;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">23<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Ramrekha
Res. Project <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">4.390<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Gumla/
Simdega<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 54;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">24<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Kansjore
Res.Project <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">6.260<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Gumla<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 55;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 27.0pt;" width="36"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Sub-Total <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 108.75pt;" width="145"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">98.78<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 56;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 293.25pt;" width="391"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">GRAND
TOTAL<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 9.0pt;">560.54<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 57; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="maincontent" style="background: white; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial";">Inter Basin
Transfer of Water from <st1:placename w:st="on">South</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">Koel</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Basin</st1:placetype>
to <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Subernarekha</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Basin</st1:placetype></st1:place></span></b><span style="font-family: "arial";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It has been proposed to transfer additional and unused 1281
MCM of water available at Manoharpur Block of <st1:placename w:st="on">South</st1:placename>
<st1:placename w:st="on">Koel</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Basin</st1:placetype>
into <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Subernarekha</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">Basin</st1:placetype></st1:place> through Tajna river
to Chandil Dam via Kharkai river. The second identified site for transfer of
water from <st1:placename w:st="on">South</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">Koel</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">Basin</st1:placetype> has been proposed through <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Tajna</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">River</st1:placetype></st1:place>
at d/s of Murmu site located at Latitude 22028’ and Longitude 85028’ into
Kharkai river via river Sanjay. The proposed location of water transfer sites
in <st1:place w:st="on">South Koel</st1:place> basin is lying at Latitude
22035’ and Longitude 85015’</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="background: white; font-family: "arial";">Inter Basin Transfer of Water from Damodar – Barakar river Basin to <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Subernarekha</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Basin</st1:placetype></st1:place>.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The additional unused surplus water from Barakar river
through river through the proposed Balpahari Dam, which currently being
investigated by CWC at the instance of DVC unassessed available water of 4.0
Lakh Acre ft( 493.4 MCM) lying under Jharkhand share in Damodar Basin has been
proposed to transfer into Subernarekha Basin by establishing proposed link
connecting Balpahari site of barakar river near Tundi to Subernarekha river at
Muri & also connecting Damodar river near Bermo.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial";">Inter Basin
Transfer of water from <st1:placename w:st="on">Sankh</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Basin</st1:placetype> to <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">South</st1:placename>
<st1:placename w:st="on">Koel</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Basin</st1:placetype></st1:place>.</span></b><span style="font-family: "arial";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It has been proposed to transfer around 403 MCM of water
available from the proposed hydel Power sites in <st1:placename w:st="on">Sankh</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">Basin</st1:placetype> to <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">South</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">Koel</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Basin</st1:placetype></st1:place> near Gumla. The water may in turn
may be collected in the main stream of South Koel river at the site located at
Latitude 22035’ and Longitude 85015’. This water may also be transferred
through the same inter river links as proposed for <st1:placename w:st="on">South</st1:placename>
<st1:placename w:st="on">Koel</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Basin</st1:placetype>
water into <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Subernarekha</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">Basin</st1:placetype></st1:place>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Major Rivers Flowing in
Jharkhand:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>The <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">North</st1:placename>
<st1:placename w:st="on">Karo</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">River</st1:placetype></st1:place>:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">North</st1:placename>
<st1:placename w:st="on">Karo</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">River</st1:placetype></st1:place> drains
the Indian state ofJharkhand. It originates on the Ranchi
Plateau. It forms a 17-metre (56 ft) high scarp falls,
Pheruaghaugh, at the southern margin of the <st1:city w:st="on">Ranchi</st1:city> plateau. It drains the
Gumla, <st1:city w:st="on">Ranchi</st1:city> and <st1:place w:st="on">West Singhbhum</st1:place> districts. It joins the <st1:place w:st="on">South Koel</st1:place> near Serengda. The meandering valley of
the Karo river, downstream from Pheruaghaugh falls is a typical example of an
incised meander.</div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt;">
<b><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">South</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">Karo</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">River</st1:placetype></st1:place></span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> :</span></span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The south Karo river flows through
Sundergarh and Keonjhar districts and <st1:place w:st="on">West
Singhbhum</st1:place> in the Indian states of
Odisha and Jharkhand respectively. The river flows through
industrial and iron ore mining areas and Saranda forest before
joining the <st1:placename w:st="on">South</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">Koel</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">River</st1:placetype>
in Goilkera block of <st1:place w:st="on">West Singhbhum</st1:place> district.
As a result of its passage through the industrial and mining area the river
water gets polluted.</div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt;">
<b><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Barakar</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">River</st1:placetype></st1:place>
:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The <st1:placename w:st="on">Barakar</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">River</st1:placetype> is the prime tributary of <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Damodar</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">River</st1:placetype></st1:place>.
It is also the only tributary of Damodar. The river begins near Padma in
Hazaribagh district of Jharkhand, flows for 225 km across the northern part of
the Chota Nagpur plateau, mostly in a west to east direction, and finally joins
the Damodar near Dishergarh in Bardhaman district of West Bengal. It has a
catchment area of around 6159 km². The <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Barakar</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">River</st1:placetype></st1:place>
flows in the boundary of the northern portion of Parashanth Hill at an
elevation of 1350 m/4470 ft. The highest hill in the region is located in
Giridih district of Jharkhand and a centre of Jain pilgrimage. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Sankh</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">River</st1:placetype></st1:place>:<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Sankh</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">River</st1:placetype></st1:place> flows
across Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Odisha states
inIndia. The river flows for 240 kilometres (150 mi) before it meets
the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Koel</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">River</st1:placetype></st1:place> in Odisha.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The river starts 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) above sea
level in Lupungpat village in Gumla district in Jharkhand and flows 67.5
kilometres (41.9 mi) in the state before entering Chhattisgarh.</div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt;">
<b><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">North</st1:placename>
<st1:placename w:st="on">Koel</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">River</st1:placetype></st1:place>:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The North Koel rises on the <st1:city w:st="on">Ranchi</st1:city> plateau and enters Palamau
division, below Netarhat near Rud. After flowing nearly due west for about
32 kilometres (20 mi), it turns north at an almost complete right angle
through a gorge at Kutku, and flows through the centre of the district until it
falls into the Son a few miles north-west of Haidarnagar. The principal tributaries are
the Auranga and the Amanat, both of which join it from the east,
the former at Kechki, 16 kilometres (10 mi) south and the latter 8
kilometres (5 mi) north of Daltonganj.</div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt;">
<b><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Damodar</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">River</st1:placetype></st1:place>:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Chandwa, Latehar in Jharkhand are recognized as
the sources of <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Damodar</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">River</st1:placetype></st1:place>. Barakar, Konar,
Bokaro, Haharo, Jamunia, Ghari, Guaia, Khadia and Bhera are the different
tributaries and sub tributaries of <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Damodar</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">River</st1:placetype></st1:place>. Out of these set
of tributaries, the Barakar is considered to be the biggest tributary of the
Damodar. The <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Damodar</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">River</st1:placetype></st1:place> banks are known to
be rich in mineral resources. Thus, it could be exploited by
industrialists. As a result, a number of coal-oriented industries came up over
the Damodar basin. Most of them are government-owned coke oven plants, coal
washeries, iron and steel plants, glass, zinc, cement plants and thermal
power plants. Contamination thus commenced due to excessive and defective
excavation, outmoded processing activities, oil, fly ash, poisonous metals
and coal dust. The problem was aggravated due to improper management, an
ineffective state pollution control board, which did not take adequate
pollution check measures. Damodar and its tributaries were the only source of
drinking water for the people in the vicinity. These people were gradually
affected by the contaminated water. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Several dams have been constructed in the valley,
for the generation of hydroelectric power. The valley is called
“the Ruhr of India”. Damodar Valley Corporation, popularly known as
DVC, came into being on July 7, 1948, by an Act of the Constituent Assembly of
India (Act No. XIV of 1948) as the first multipurpose river valley project
of independent <st1:place w:st="on">India</st1:place>. It
is modeled on the Tennessee Valley Authority of the <st1:country-region w:st="on">United States</st1:country-region>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">The <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Subarnarekha</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">River</st1:placetype></st1:place>:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
After originating near piska nagri, near <st1:city w:st="on">Ranchi</st1:city>,
the capital of Jharkhand, the
Subarnarekha traverses a long distance through Ranchi Seraikela Kharsawan and <st1:place w:st="on">East Singhbhum</st1:place> districts in the state. Thereafter, it flows for shorter
distances through Paschim Medinipur district in <st1:place w:st="on">West Bengal</st1:place> for 83 kilometres (52 mi)
and Balasore district of Odisha. There, it flows for 79 kilometres
(49 mi) and joins the <st1:place w:st="on">Bay of Bengal</st1:place> near Talsari.
The total length of the river is 395 kilometres (245 mi).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The basin of the Subarnarekha is smaller than most
multi-state river basins in <st1:country-region w:st="on">India</st1:country-region>.
The rain-fed river covers a drainage area of 18,951 square kilometres
(7,317 sq mi). The prominent tributaries of the Subarnarekha
are Kharkai, Roro, Kanchi, Harmu Nadi, Damra, Karru, Chinguru, Karakari,
Gurma, Garra, Singaduba, Kodia, Dulunga and Khaijori.The Kharkai meets the
Subarnarekha at Sonari (Domuhani), a neighborhood of <st1:city w:st="on">Jamshedpur</st1:city>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The Subarnarekha passes through areas with extensive mining
of copper and uranium ores. As a result of the unplanned mining activities, the
river is polluted. The Subarnarekha has been the lifeline of tribal communities
inhabiting the Chhotanagpur region and water pollution affects their
livelihood.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16pt;">Pollution in Jharkhand Rivers:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEina38xsQxjbaaab8mOAGgMu-KS0bB0i3wJrvymNIZZcLADDYudI_vLRWZm2Nhgj_UwNB-X6oUNaeXd2xVzsmixSKysXhlVPnqdcfWWO55jqBRPV8xDCmETZpB2C9wLeJGqAp9fGM3FYYKJ/s1600/jharkhand+rivers+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="251" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEina38xsQxjbaaab8mOAGgMu-KS0bB0i3wJrvymNIZZcLADDYudI_vLRWZm2Nhgj_UwNB-X6oUNaeXd2xVzsmixSKysXhlVPnqdcfWWO55jqBRPV8xDCmETZpB2C9wLeJGqAp9fGM3FYYKJ/s320/jharkhand+rivers+1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The large scale mining operations going on in the region
have adversely affected groundwater table in many areas with the result that
yield of water from the wells of adjoining villages has drastically reduced.
Further, effluents discharged from mine sites have seriously polluted the
streams and under groundwater of the area. Acid mine drainage, liquid effluents
from coal handling plants, colliery workshops and mine sites and suspended
solids from coal washeries have caused serious water pollution in the region,
adversely affecting fish and aquatic life.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Damodar and Subernrekha river valley are the cradle of
industrialization in Chotanagpur plateau region. Damodar is the most polluted
amongst Indian rivers and ironically almost all polluting industries are
government owned. About 130 million litre of industrial effluents and 65
million litre of untreated domestic water finds way to Damodar drainage system
every day. A study of the area showed that one coal washery alone was
discharging about 45 tonnes of fine coal into the Damodar every day and there are
as many as eleven coal washeries in the region with an installed capacity of
20.52 million tones annually.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Today the picture of Damodar or Damuda, considered a sacred
river by the local tribals, is quite like a sewage canal shrunken and filled
with filth and rubbish, emanating obnoxious odors. Other major rivers of the
region are also seriously polluted. The Karo river in the <st1:place w:st="on">West
Singhbhum</st1:place> is polluted with red oxide from the iron ore mines of
Noamundi, Gua and Chiria. The Subernrekha shows a different type of pollution
which is even more hazardous in nature. Metallic and dissolved toxic wastes
from TISCO, <st1:city w:st="on">Jamshedpur</st1:city> and HCL Ghatsila and
radioactive wastes from the uranium mill and tailings ponds of the uranium
corporation of <st1:place w:st="on">India</st1:place>
limited at Jaduguda flow into Subernrekha and its tributaries.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The release of different toxic metals like arsenic, mercury,
chromium, nickel etc. from the coals and mine spoil heaps in Damodar and its
tributaries have caused severe damage to water quality. Continuous dewatering
by underground mines also affects water resources. These mines annually pump
out millions of litres to drain mine galleries and release it into nearby water
courses. This has caused flooding, silting, water logging and pollution in the
mining areas of Jharkhand. They have also reduced the surrounding water table,
and also reduced the available groundwater.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><b>Damodar</b></st1:placename><b>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">River</st1:placetype></b></st1:place><b>:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzU-7VdITcmMGZ1hivDCVLYx1CQ0S15AS06DT8LaTOBZ8X-mHYPn9YorLkVDP3fJnBowxj28nlp18Q9MX6hkp1_6tI9fMsrWZnlKrbAhAEZcjR519Nsp0gxobub4QEHuU4bpXMdShAdr-5/s1600/Damodar+river.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="220" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzU-7VdITcmMGZ1hivDCVLYx1CQ0S15AS06DT8LaTOBZ8X-mHYPn9YorLkVDP3fJnBowxj28nlp18Q9MX6hkp1_6tI9fMsrWZnlKrbAhAEZcjR519Nsp0gxobub4QEHuU4bpXMdShAdr-5/s320/Damodar+river.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><i> Damodar</i></st1:placename><i>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">River</st1:placetype></i></st1:place><i> filled with
coal dust</i> <i>and mine waste</i>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjt8wGMa6CqWyN84yEviBiQ2surKf8K8BpPNSLKWqXuCFmOtUaso4RiQbFhlmjH6jEygz6C3ocIF7pwnqSlQWTN2ncPNtHe88SzwHVv35RFt_8s7yw_gJNwKO-vW3aDbrQPUf3JG28wV1Cm/s1600/Damodar+river+new.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjt8wGMa6CqWyN84yEviBiQ2surKf8K8BpPNSLKWqXuCFmOtUaso4RiQbFhlmjH6jEygz6C3ocIF7pwnqSlQWTN2ncPNtHe88SzwHVv35RFt_8s7yw_gJNwKO-vW3aDbrQPUf3JG28wV1Cm/s320/Damodar+river+new.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i> Fine coal dust deposited on the bed of <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Damodar</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">River</st1:placetype></st1:place>.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGMmcFPdMimWwtOKiWX77y-Lfg6uKJMjtxiZoTePnGUQJhw7QrDzvzduK1jZ2Pmj8tEKwuVnYJtniMvlASUhIcocugPs78i_59ATgGe4unmNQaUHhYj1Mz_PWNvAgUyZMiT2tlpOaSkBd7/s1600/Damodar+river+air+pollution.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGMmcFPdMimWwtOKiWX77y-Lfg6uKJMjtxiZoTePnGUQJhw7QrDzvzduK1jZ2Pmj8tEKwuVnYJtniMvlASUhIcocugPs78i_59ATgGe4unmNQaUHhYj1Mz_PWNvAgUyZMiT2tlpOaSkBd7/s320/Damodar+river+air+pollution.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i> Dust pollution on <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Damodar</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">River</st1:placetype></st1:place>.<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
River Damodar is a rain fed torrential river.Nearly 70% of the
river course is in the valley. The river catchment is characterised by a
prolonged dry season followed by turbulent monsoon with the annual run off,
11,385 million m3 of water. The brief monsoon spell lasts just three months
that contributes 90% of the total
precipitation. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Poor land management, denuded catchment, with favourable
contour, high intensity of down pour and unrestrained industrial discharges are all
together fast stressing the river, both physically and hydrobiologically.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Today the picture of Damodar or Damuda, considered a sacred
river by the local tribals,in Jharkhand State of India is quite like a sewage
canal shrunken and filled with filth and rubbish, emanating obnoxious odours.
It is also contaminated with toxic metals like arsenic, mercury, flouride, and
lead. The excessively high rate of sedimentation is fast reducing the carrying
capacity of the river. The disposition of fly ash has further deteriorated the
condition.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The Damodar river basin is a repository of approximately 46%
of the Indian coal reserves. A high demographic and industrial expansion has
taken place in last three decades in the region. Exploitation of coal by
underground and open cast mining has lead to a great environmental threat in
this area. Besides mining, coal based industries like coal washeries, coke oven
plants, coal fired thermal power plants, steel plants and other related
industries in the region also greatly impart towards degradation of the
environmental quality vis-a-vis human health.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It is a small rainfed river (541 km long) originating from
the Khamerpet hill (1068 m), near the trijunction of Palamau, <st1:place w:st="on">Ranchi</st1:place>, and Hazaribag districts of Jharkhand.
It flows through the cities Ramgarh, Dhanbad, Asansol, <st1:city w:st="on">Durgapur</st1:city>,
Bardwan and <st1:city w:st="on">Howrah</st1:city> before ultimately joining the
lower Ganga (Hooghly estuary) at Shayampur, 55 Km downstram of <st1:place w:st="on">Howrah</st1:place>. The river is fed
by a number of tributaries at different reaches, the principal ones being
Jamunia, Bokaro, Konar, <st1:place w:st="on">Safi</st1:place>,
Bhera, Nalkari and Barakar. The total catchment area of the basin is about
23,170 km<sup>2</sup>; of this, three-fourths of the basin lies in Jharkhand
and one-fourth in <st1:place w:st="on">West Bengal</st1:place>. The major part
of the rainfall (82%) occurs during the monsoon season with a few sporadic
rains in winter. Damodar basin is an important coal bearing area and at least
seven coal fields are located in this region. High increase in the population i.e. from 5.0 million (1951)
to 14.6 million (1991) has been observed during the last four decades which is
the outcome of the heavy industrialization in this basin mainly in coal sector.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Due to easy availability of coal and prime coking coal,
several thermal power plants, steel plants have grown up. Discharge of
uncontrolled and untreated industrial wastewater, often containing highly toxic
metals is the major source of pollution of <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Damodar</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">River</st1:placetype></st1:place>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Mine water and runoff through overburden material of open
cast mines also contribute towards pollution of nearby water resources of the
area. Huge amount of overburden materials has been dumped on the bank of the
river and its tributaries, which finally get spread in the rivers especially in
the rainy season. These activities have resulted in the visible deterioration
of the quality of the river water.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The large scale mining operations going on this region have
also adversely affected ground water table in many areas with the result that
yield of water from the wells of adjoining villages has drastically reduced.
Further, effluents discharged from the mine sites have also seriously polluted
the underground waters of the area. </div>
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<br /></div>
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Mine waters does not have acid mine drainage problem. It may
be due to the fact that coal deposits of this basin are associated with minor
amounts of pyrites and contain low sulfur. Iron content in these waters are
found in the range of 1 to 6 mg/l. Though it is not alarming but it may be
toxic to some aquatic species. Mine waters are generally bacterially
contaminated which is clear from the value lying in the range of 100 to 2500.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Heavy metals like manganese, chromium, lead, arsenic,
mercury, floride, cadmium, and copper are also found in the sediments and water
of <st1:placename w:st="on">Damodar</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">River</st1:placetype>
and its tributaries like <st1:city w:st="on">Safi</st1:city>, Nalkari, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Bhera</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Rivers</st1:placetype>
<st1:placename w:st="on">etc</st1:placename></st1:place>. Permian coal of this
area contains all these toxic elements in considerable amount. Presence of lead
is high above the alarming level i.e. 300 ppm (parts per million) in the coals
of <st1:place w:st="on">North Karanpura</st1:place> coal field. </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The study warned that long term exposure to the lead present
in that area might result in general weakness, anorexia, dyspepsia, metallic taste
in the mouth, headache, drowsiness, high blood pressure and anaemia etc.</div>
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<br /></div>
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The Damodar sediments are deficient in calcium and magnesium
and rich in potassium concentration. Titanium and iron are the dominant heavy
metals followed by manganese, zinc, copper, chromium, lead, arsenic, and
mercury. Other heavy metal like strontium shows more or less uniform
concentration throughout the basin. Average concentration of strontium in the
sediments of the river is 130 ppm. Silica is also high in the sediments of <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Damodar</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">River</st1:placetype></st1:place> and its tributary. The value is
28ppm. Arsenic in the water ranges from 0.001 to 0.006 mg/l, mercury ranges
from 0.0002 to 0.0004 mg/l, floride ranges from 1 to 3 mg/l.</div>
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<br /></div>
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The total toxic load that the coal mines water contributes
to the river has been computed to be 16-20 tons/day and 0.05-0.60 tons per day
of heavy metals. The average composition of heavy metals (mg/l) in mine water
as registered were </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
: </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Cu-0.23 to 0.72, Mn-0.25 to l.12, Fe-0.38 to 1.16, Ni-0.10 to
0.23, Zn-6.30 to7.41, Co-O.08 to 0.12.Pb-0.97 to 1.19,Cd-0.41 to 0.56 and Cr-0.16
to 0.19. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The huge quantum of washery effluent brings severe
ecological changes in the river water, specially during the lean period. It
imparts brownish black colour to the river water and then transparency comes down below 10 mm due to
high concentration of coal dust present in the effluxion. The ecology of the stretch
between Rajarappa and Panchet reservoir of the Damodar river is under serious
threat due to the influx of the washery effluents.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The Sindri fertilizer plant adds considerable toxic load to
the river through its 21,000 Kl/d discharge with 788.0 mg/l suspended solids and 290 mg/l
ammonia nitrogen.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The seven thermal power plants in
the Damodar valley (three of which, with a combined installed capacity of about
1,800 mw, belong to the DVC) consume between 3,000 and 8,000 tonnes of coal a
day and as much as 50 per cent of the total solids generated is in the form of
flyash. Yet, there is little effort to manage the waste. This is obvious from
the fact that very few DVC units, which are better managed than those run by
the state electricity boards, have electrostatic precipitators (ESPS). Of the
six units of the DVC's Chandrapura Thermal Power Plant in Giridih district,
only one has an ESP, while the others make do with old mechanical dust
collectors. As these plants are located on the banks of the river, the flyash
eventually finds its way into the water.<br />
<br />
Disposal of solid waste, or bottom ash, from boilers degrades the river even
more. The bottom ash is supposed to be mixed with water to form slurry which is
then drained into ash ponds. Most of the ponds are full and in several cases
drainage pipes are choked. The slurry is discharged into the river. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The people who live in the vicinity
of the Damodar are the worst affected. The river and its tributaries are the largest sources of drinking water for the
huge population that lives in the valley. On April 2, 1990 about 200,000 litres
of furnace oil spilled into the Damodar river from the Bokaro Steel Plant. The
oil travelled about 150 km downstream to <st1:place w:st="on">Durgapur</st1:place>
and for at least a week after the incident, the five million people in the area
drank contaminated water. The water from the river that the people drank was
unfit for human consumption, with oil levels 40-80 times higher than the
maximum permissible value of 0.03 mg/l.<br />
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It is obvious that due to extensive coal mining and vigorous
growth of industries in this area water resources have been badly contaminated.
The habitants have, however, been compromising by taking contaminated and
sometimes polluted water, as there is no alternate source of drinking water.
Thus, a sizeable populace suffers from water borne diseases. As per the health
survey of about 3 lakh population, the most common diseases are dysentery,
diarrhoea, skin infection, worm infection, jaundice, and typhoid. Dysentery and
skin infections occur in high percentage in the area. If proper steps are not
taken up the total population mostly tribals will be on the verge of extinction.
</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></b><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Subarnarekha</span></b></st1:placename><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"> <st1:placetype w:st="on">River</st1:placetype></span></b></st1:place><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">:</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSXilIYlS_wFFkxvwZh1OQkb4EDl8mtOaToGanH4vXO2-aNZOesGMBLUJX96is9hmIyd8yyf0J5e58Qg8FsvOsmp5B6yWfqZCxyylqYlNYBZicMNqkgf3A6X0vdjfkPVpV7uvVnnEyGtCG/s1600/swarnrekha+river.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSXilIYlS_wFFkxvwZh1OQkb4EDl8mtOaToGanH4vXO2-aNZOesGMBLUJX96is9hmIyd8yyf0J5e58Qg8FsvOsmp5B6yWfqZCxyylqYlNYBZicMNqkgf3A6X0vdjfkPVpV7uvVnnEyGtCG/s320/swarnrekha+river.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i> Polluted <st1:placename w:st="on">Subarnarekha</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">River</st1:placetype> in <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Ranchi</st1:city></st1:place> city.<o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
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<b><i><br /></i></b></div>
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<b><i><br /></i></b></div>
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</div>
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<b><i><br /></i></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The river has been increasingly polluted over the last few
decades due to increasing mining activity, industrialization, urbanisation and
deforestation in the upper and middle reaches of the river basin. Between
Jadugoda and Baharagora(and further downstream), the river is contaminated with
radioactive materials due to the mining and processing of the uranium.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The arc-shaped Singhbhum copper belt is a major source of
river pollution. There are four industrial areas (Ranchi-Hatia, Muri.
Adityapur-Tatanagar, Jadugoda-Ghatsila) which contribute maximum pollution
load of the river. The daily organic pollution load generated in the
Subarnarekha basin stands at 264 tons from rural and urban sources. Out of 117
tons of total BOD load two-thirds are generated from <st1:place w:st="on">Ranchi</st1:place> and Singhbhum districts of Jharkhand.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Industrial units also throw COD load, suspended solids, oil
and grease, phenol, fluoride and nitrates to the river. The Upper segment from
Hatia dam to Baharagora is polluted by uncontrolled discharge of untreated or
semi-treated domestic waste effluents. Runoff from agricultural lands
transports 450 tons of nitrogen. 120 tons each of phosphorus and potassium
along with small quantity of organ chlorine pesticides to the river annually.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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Translated literally, Subarnarekha means 'streak of gold'.
With a drainage area of 1.93 million ha this smallest of <st1:place w:st="on">India</st1:place>'s major inter-state river
basins is a mute host to effluents from various uranium mining and processing
units. While most rivers in the country are classified -- depending on the
pollution load -- on a 'best designated use’ basis, the Subarnarekha defies any
classification, as the existing parameters do not include radioactivity.<br />
<br />
The rain-fed Subarnarekha originates 15 kms south of <st1:city w:st="on">Ranchi</st1:city>
on the Chhotanagpur plateau draining the states of Jharkhand, Orissa and West
Bengal before entering the <st1:place w:st="on">Bay of Bengal</st1:place>. The
total length of the river is 450 kms and its important tributaries include the
Raru, Kanchi, Karkari, Kharkai, Harmu Nadi, Singaduba, Kodia, Garra and Sankh rivers.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
The only streaks visible in the river are those of domestic, industrial or -
incredibly - radioactive pollution. Subarnarekha's rich resource base has
spelled doom for the basin. Between Mayurbhanj and Singhbhum districts, on the
right banks of the Subarnarekha, are the country’s richest copper deposits. The
proliferation of unplanned and unregulated mining and mineral processing
industries has led to a devastating environmental degradation of the region.
Improper mining practices have led to uncontrolled dumping of overburden (rock
and soil extracted while mining) and mine tailings. During monsoons, this
exposed earth flows into the river, increasing suspended solid and heavy metal
load in the water, silting the dams and reservoirs. <br />
<br />
Quarrying of construction material, such as granite, basalt, quartzite, dolerite,
sandstone, limestone, dolomite, gravel, and even sand, has created vast
stretches of wasteland in the river basin. Used and abandoned mines and
quarries are a source of mineral wastewater and suspended solids.<br />
<br />
Subarnarekha also has to bear radioactive waste that enters the river through
seepage from tailing ponds of the Uranium Corporation of <st1:place w:st="on">India</st1:place> at Jadugoda. It has three
productive uranium mines, all within a 5 km radius: Jadugoda, Batin and
Narwapahar. <br />
<br />
The uranium ore is mined from underground and brought to the surface. Uranium
is then extracted and processed to make 'yellow cake', an ingredient used to
fuel nuclear plants. What is left behind are 'tailings' or effluents comprising
radioactive products, which are mixed into slurry and pumped into tailing
ponds. These ponds, each covering about 160 ha of land and about 30 metres deep
are situated between adjoining villages.<br />
<br />
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The water pollution in <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Subarnarekha</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">River</st1:placetype></st1:place>
is due to: </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
1. Industrial waste water </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
2. Municipal sewage </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
3. Domestic sewage and waste water </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
4. Agricultural waste and waste water </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
5. Some other occasional and seasonal factors like
Cremation, statues immersion, human excreta and urine, animal excreta etc.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The examination of quality of water at different sites of
the river, indicate that the industrial waste and waste waters containing
hazardous chemicals are causing major pollution.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
According to the analysis of river water in <st1:city w:st="on">Jamshedpur</st1:city> done in Department of Chemistry, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Karim</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">City</st1:placetype>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">College</st1:placetype></st1:place>, parameters are:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
PH - 5.60 to 7.0 </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Alkalinity - 60.0 to 140.0 mg/l </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Total hardness - 49.5 t0 131.4 mg/l </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Cyanides - 0.67 to 1.80 mg/l </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Phenols - 4.0 to 8.2 mg/l </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Iron content - 3.22 to 3.42 mg/l </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Mercury content - Up to 0.02 mg/l </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Chromium (VI) - Up to 1.03 mg/l</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The river water at some point is highly acidic. Hence, the
economic value of the water for drinking and washing purposes is lost. Also,
aquatic life would not survive in this highly acidic water. The cyanide content
is very high. Free cyanide (as CN or HCN) is toxic. It interacts with ferric
haem moiety of cytochrome oxidase and blocks respiration.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Iron content is also very high. As far as it is known, human
beings suffer no harmful effect from drinking water rich in iron content but it
is unsuitable for processing food, beverages, laundry operations etc. If this
water will be used for boiler, then it will lead to a pronounced blocking of
the pipes together with rusting of the iron pipes. The boiler may get chocked
due to the presence of iron as red mud. The high concentration of Cr (VI) has
following hazardous effects. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
1. It affects the biochemical reactions of lower as well as
higher plants. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
2. It causes skin disorder and liver damage. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
3. It is oncogenic (carcinogenic). </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The chromium concentration in urine provides information
about the current exposure to water soluble chromium (VI) and about the body
burden of chromium. Mercury content is also high. Methyl mercury is highly
toxic. It causes irreversible nerve and brain damage. Methyl mercury poisoning
also leads to segregation of chromosomes, chromosome breakage in cells and
inhibited cell division.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
No standards have been met in their construction and no
measures taken to control the emissions. Overflow and seepage from the tailing
ponds ultimately ends into the streams that feed Subarnarekha. These radiations
pose the greatest threat to human health, as they harm living cells, often
leading to genetic mutation, cancer and slow death.<br />
<br />
Subarnarekha is the lifeline of tribal communities inhabiting the Chhotanagpur
belt. Once these communities made a living out of the river's gold and fish.
But today the polluted Subarnarekha has little to offer. Between 5,000-6,000
families of local tribals, including the fishing community of Dharas, residing
on the riverbanks from Mango in <st1:place w:st="on">Jamshedpur</st1:place>
to Bharagora, have been affected by the river’s pollution.<br />
<br />
Oil and slug deposits on the riverbed deter the growth of moss and fungi, vital
food for fish, hindering the movement of Hilsa fish from the <st1:place w:st="on">Bay
of Bengal</st1:place> to Ghatsila. Even sweet water fish like sol die in large
numbers during their breeding season. Reports reveal that villages in the
region around Ghatsila such as Kalikapara, Royam, Jadugoda, Aminagar, Benasol
and Baraghat are suffering from skin diseases. The male fertility rate has also
declined. Unfortunately, people have not been active in protecting the river as
yet, when they could do well and take an example from other social movements in
other river basins.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The basin also houses the Subarnarekha multipurpose project
that has Jharkhand’s Chandil & Icha dams as well as the two barrages and
three small storage reservoirs in Odisha, apart from a wide network of canals.
The area is faced with grave environmental and displacement-related issues due
to the project. The protests against the project culminated with the
demonstration of a group of over 10,000 tribals armed with bows and arrows,
leading to police firing and four deaths on January 6, 1979.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Despite the protests and alleged corruption (as per CAG
report of 1999), the project took off after 40 years of delay. The project
received a major shot in the arm when it became a part of the Centre's
Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Project. It received the clearance of Ministry
of Forest, Environment and Climate Change (MoEF) but the promise of jobs and
electricity to the locals was held up.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The overall study reveals moderately serious contamination
of the river with sediments of metals, predominantly in some locations under
the anthropogenic influences like mining and industries.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>The <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Nalkari</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">River</st1:placetype></st1:place>:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhI9RxJN2Tx3HFPW2Mz5LPEyAuEXPBUD9f_GksO3mtR_5bvieq3c6e0H21pCiAoCuCVYVMXdjKRVv1CoMKm8Y4E2XnMAVc6Podpck1mxQNhQ4bh9xHo8Qgz3thn3o8xWLh8_5DhsdZs_gsh/s1600/nalkari+river.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhI9RxJN2Tx3HFPW2Mz5LPEyAuEXPBUD9f_GksO3mtR_5bvieq3c6e0H21pCiAoCuCVYVMXdjKRVv1CoMKm8Y4E2XnMAVc6Podpck1mxQNhQ4bh9xHo8Qgz3thn3o8xWLh8_5DhsdZs_gsh/s320/nalkari+river.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
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<br /></div>
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The Nalkari, a tributary of the Damodar river that flows
through the eastern states of Jharkhand and <st1:place w:st="on">West Bengal</st1:place>,
may easily be mistaken for a nallah or waste water canal. Around 7 kilometre
from Patratu in Jharkhand, the Nalkari carries huge quantities of oil and ash,
discharged by the Patratu Thermal Power Station (PTPS).<br />
<br />
The PTPS, established in the sixties in collaboration with <st1:place w:st="on">Russia</st1:place>, has a total installed
capacity of 840 megawatt (MW), spread over 10 units. While six of its units of
50-100MW each were supplied by Czech firm Skoda, the remaining 4 units of 110MW
each were provided by the public sector company, BHEL. Patratu town, located 40
kilometre from state capital <st1:place w:st="on">Ranchi</st1:place>,
was developed to house employees of the power station.<br />
<br />
However, of its 10 units, only one or two units are working today, generating
merely 10-15 per cent of the plant’s total capacity. The remaining units are
either closed or non-operational. Since the functional units are based on
outdated technology, the power plant has failed to control pollution, whether
in air, water or on land.<br />
<br />
“The Patratu dam was built to store the fresh water of the Nalkari river, so
that the PTPS can run. Nobody had ever thought that the same plant would kill
the river one day. All the effluents and ash from the plant are being thrown in
the river, which is not only poisoning the Nalkari but also, the Damodar river,
which it meets downstream.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This plant is also at the centre of a dispute between the
plant managers and the local community. Landowners from more than 23 villages
had given their land when the plant was set up. Apart from PTPS, land in
Patratu had already been acquired by Bihar Alloy Steel (BASAL), National
Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC), Damodar Valley Cooperation (DVC),
Railway and Central Coalfields Limited (CCL). The small portion of land left to
sustain people’s livelihoods, was again taken by the plant in 1990 for
construction of the new ash pond.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><b>Kharkai</b></st1:placename><b>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">River</st1:placetype></b></st1:place><b>:<o:p></o:p></b><br />
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The <st1:placename w:st="on">Kharkai</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">River</st1:placetype>
is a river in eastern <st1:place w:st="on">India</st1:place>.
It is one of the major tributaries of the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Subarnarekha</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">River</st1:placetype></st1:place>.
It flows through Adityapur region of <st1:place w:st="on">Jamshedpur</st1:place><br />
It arises in Mayurbhanj district, Odisha, on the north slopes of Darbarmela
Parbat and the western slopes of Tungru Pahar, of the Simlipal Massif. It flows
past Rairangpur and heads north to about Saraikela and then east, entering the
Subarnarekha in northwestern <st1:place w:st="on">Jamshedpur</st1:place>.<br />
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The Kharkai is derived from the Sanskrit word “Kharkaya”
meaning "fast flowing river". </div>
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It is one of the major tributaries of the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Subarnarekha</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">River</st1:placetype></st1:place>.
After entering Jharkhand its tributaries include the Torlo and Lli Gara on the
left. Its last major tributary is the Sanjay, entering from the left, 17 km as
the river flows above its mouth. There is a steel plant at <st1:place w:st="on">Jamshedpur</st1:place> and many industries in Adityapur
Industrial Area. The river gets polluted throughout its journey. </div>
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Garbage from Adityapur has found a new address — the banks of
Kharkai, which is one of the major tributaries of Singhbhum’s lifeline
Subernarekha.</div>
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Two truckloads of domestic waste, equivalent to 400 cubic feet,
are being emptied on the waterfront every day, turning the erstwhile oasis into
an eyesore and olfactory challenge. </div>
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There was a time when the Kharkai banks were popular for a
morning walk because of the fresh air we could breathe in. These days, we are
even scared to venture on the road near the river because the ambience is so
unhygienic.</div>
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Severe pollution has reduced the river Kharkai into a
'dumping drain' of toxic refuse, threatening number of people living on its
banks with serious health hazards and a loss of their livelihoods. That the river is dying is
clearly evident from its stench. The highly toxic waters release a 'gas' that
starts irritating the nostrils and throat as soon as humans breathe it. Its foul odors can be smelled from as far
away as half a several meters. "Sometimes we are unable to sit in our
house due to the unbearable stench from the river water," said a people
live at the Kharkai river bank. Soon after the floodwater receded and the river
wore its lean period look, the pollution instantly increased due to a lack of dispersion. Several hundred industries, topped with a huge
volume of untreated sewage from the city, now remain almost stagnant within the
river water. The situation is set to continue until a new flow of water rushes in from the
upstream, beginning in perhaps another two months. In the meantime, people
living along the river are the worst victims of the pollution, which they say is worse than anything
they've seen in previous years.</div>
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Kharkai water of
Adityapur is polluted by industrial effluents, domestic and sewerage dirt, oil
and lube spillage and sediment. Maximum industries excrete toxic substances to water. The people who are living By the Kharkai which is
polluted by various germs and micro-organisms are severely suffering from
various diseases like cholera, diarrhea, dysentery etc, often. In the dry season
The DO level becomes very low and the river becomes very toxic.</div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">HOW TO PROTECT RIVERS FROM
POLLUTION?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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Presently there is only 1% water which is drinkable on our
planet where as our planet is covered with water by 70%, which is salt water
and not usable for human. Very soon we all are going to face complex and urgent
water problems and the only way to create a healthier future is for everyone to
do their part to save rivers from pollution. Presently everyone forget the
important of rivers and we just doing exploitation of rivers. No one bother
about the pollution which we are creating in all rivers water either they are
big rivers or small one. Presently the fast rate of water pollution is adding
to the scare, be it the rivers or the groundwater which going to put a gap
between demand and supply drinkable water. Recently a study was done on the
sate of rivers in the country and which shows polluted rivers in the country
has risen from earlier 121 to 275. The condition of rivers is alarming
situation for country and unchecked flow of sewage, industrial and mining
wastes being one of the main reasons of pollution.</div>
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Now this is a big challenge for government and need of
society to get clean these rivers because the level of drinking water going
down day by day. Believe it, we get a situation very soon when we all start to
fight for drinking water or its resources. We all can take example from many
areas from <st1:country-region w:st="on">India</st1:country-region>
where a big part of population facing the situation of drought.</div>
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The most ancient source of water, even before the human race
came into being, was the rivers. The river systems have sustained civilizations
after civilizations since time immemorial. But these systems are facing grave
threat at present than ever before.</div>
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The fact of the matter is that the journey of these rivers
flowing since ages is being somewhere stopped. Intense pressure of growing
populations, industrialization and mind-boggling planned and unplanned
development is seriously showing in terms of both quality and quantity of water
the rivers provide. Another serious fall-out of pressure on the river basin
systems is the over-use of groundwater resource. The demand and supply gap has
been widening day by day. As a result both the sources are currently in danger.
The solution lies in protecting the rivers and harnessing the available water
resources optimally.</div>
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We all can help to prevent water pollution and we are all
responsible for that so that we all forward a healthy life to future
generation. We have to generate the awareness or educate all common
people about the threat we are facing with the rivers because many people don’t
realized the bad impact on environment through the pollution we are generating
in rivers. May be when people understand how much pollution is leaking into our
waterways and what it means for mankind. We all can help to keep water
clean through many things we can do and
prevent water pollution of nearby rivers and
lakes as well as groundwater and drinking water.</div>
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1. Prevention of pollution by interception and decentralised
treatment of wastewater entering rivers and lakes.</div>
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2. Management of solid waste around the water bodies and
catchment areas.</div>
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3. Enhancement of waterfront and catchment areas, such as
storm water management, institution of buffer zones and silt traps.</div>
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4. Cleaning of water through low cost methods such as
de-silting and cultivation of appropriate species for bioremediation.</div>
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5. Prevention of pollution by communities living along
waterfront, such as through awareness and provision of sanitation.</div>
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6. Mobilization of local communities to participate in
concerted effort.</div>
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7. Planning of waterfront development to improve
environmental and economic sustainability.</div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Reference: <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<a href="http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/why-is-jharkhand-still-running-this-sick-and-polluting-power-plant-46391">http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/why-is-jharkhand-still-running-this-sick-and-polluting-power-plant-46391</a></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="http://www.cifri.res.in/Bulletin%20No.79.pdf">http://www.cifri.res.in/Bulletin%20No.79.pdf</a></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://www.ijsr.net/archive/v5i4/NOV162902.pdf">https://www.ijsr.net/archive/v5i4/NOV162902.pdf</a></div>
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<a href="http://ijesta.com/upcomingissue/04.02.2016.pdf">http://ijesta.com/upcomingissue/04.02.2016.pdf</a></div>
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<a href="http://www.preservearticles.com/2012013022189/short-essay-on-subarna-rekha-river-pollution.html">http://www.preservearticles.com/2012013022189/short-essay-on-subarna-rekha-river-pollution.html</a></div>
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<a href="http://www.indiawaterportal.org/articles/river-gold-subarnarekha-dying-whos-responsible">http://www.indiawaterportal.org/articles/river-gold-subarnarekha-dying-whos-responsible</a></div>
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<a href="http://nidm.gov.in/pdf/dp/Jharkhand.pdf">http://nidm.gov.in/pdf/dp/Jharkhand.pdf</a></div>
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<a href="http://wrdjharkhand.nic.in/river_basins.html">http://wrdjharkhand.nic.in/river_basins.html</a></div>
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<a href="http://greenotechindia.com/how-to-protect-rivers-from-pollution/">http://greenotechindia.com/how-to-protect-rivers-from-pollution/</a></div>
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Environment and Geologyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06742566655127435206noreply@blogger.com0Ranchi, Jharkhand, India23.3440997 85.30956200000002823.1108367 84.986838500000033 23.577362700000002 85.632285500000023tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5236125790665654449.post-11785086611634282752017-03-15T12:59:00.000+05:302017-03-15T12:59:43.891+05:30क्या सोचते हैं लामा लोग स्वप्न एवं प्राचीन पृथ्वी के बदलते स्वरुप के बारे में 1<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">प्रकृति और विस्तृत ब्रह्माण्ड</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">में बहुत सारे रहस्य आज भी हैं जिनको जान पाना बहुत
मुश्किल</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">है 1</span><br />
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><b style="text-align: center;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">द्वारा</span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">डा . नितीश प्रियदर्शी </span></b><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8Nn3HXgb35jf6yXDkoimmNSfU4QNfSTgWtgHl2cSICZjrd-2EcMZYzfji-XbtGotfVhK6Uq6HZGqJhX6YW39dVK5rTC-gd99-abmVHYJ5l1XTAX5lJ0CFRRUF1w2JGX9ys99tmLFmh5Ti/s1600/Sunset+in+Hatiya+dam.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8Nn3HXgb35jf6yXDkoimmNSfU4QNfSTgWtgHl2cSICZjrd-2EcMZYzfji-XbtGotfVhK6Uq6HZGqJhX6YW39dVK5rTC-gd99-abmVHYJ5l1XTAX5lJ0CFRRUF1w2JGX9ys99tmLFmh5Ti/s320/Sunset+in+Hatiya+dam.jpg" width="213" /></a></div>
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<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">हाल ही मैने
पृथ्वी की</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">उत्पत्ति के बारे प्राचीन जानकारी प्राप्त करने हेतु पुराने पुस्तको को</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">खंगाल रहा था की
एक पुस्तक पर नज़र गई </span>1 <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">ये
पुस्तक लामा लोगों के द्वारा</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">लिखी गई थी। लामा लोग तिब्ब्त में रहते है तथा कई
प्राचीन जानकारी रखते हैं</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">जो अभी भी विश्व के नज़रों से दूर हैं या पश्चमी लोग
इनपर विश्वास नहीं</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">करते हैं।</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">इस लेख के कुछ अंश मैंने लोब्संग रामपा के
द्वारा लिखित पुस्तक "द थर्ड आई " से भी</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">अनुवाद किया है</span> 1.<br />
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">इन पुस्तकों को पढ़ते समय दो रोचक जानकारी मुझे मिली तो मुझे लगा
की</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">इस
जानकारी को आपके साथ शेयर करूँ </span>I <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">इस पुस्तक में विस्तार से स्वप्न एवं पृथ्वी के प्राचीन सभ्यता एवं बदलते</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">जियोलाजिकल</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;"> बनावट के</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">बारे में</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">जानकारी</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">दी हुई है</span> 1 </div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">स्वप्न का हमारा
भौतिक</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">जीवन से क्या
सम्बन्ध है तथा स्वप्न में हम क्या करते हैं</span>?<br />
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">एक</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">लेख के अनुसार</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">जब हम सोते हैं तो सिर्फ हमारा शारीर सोता है न की
आत्मा </span>1 <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">शारीर के सोने के बाद
आत्मा </span>, <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">आत्माओं के देश जाती
है वैसे ही जैसे बच्चे</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">स्कूल के बाद घर लोटते है </span>1 <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">आत्माओं के विचरण से ही सपने आते है जो एक</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">चाँदी के धागे के
माध्यम से हमारे दिमाग</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">में
सम्प्रेषित होते हैं </span>1 <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">आत्मा</span>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">इसी धागे के माध्यम से</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">शारीर के संपर्क में रहता हे जब हम सपने
में</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">ब्रह्माण्ड
में विचरण करते हैं</span> 1<br />
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">आत्माओ की दुनिया
या यों कहे की सपनों की दुनिया में कोई समय नहीं होता या समय नाम की चीज नहीं
होती। समय सिर्फ भौतिक विचार है</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">यानि उस दुनिया में इसका कोई मह्त्व नहीं है </span>1<br />
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">लेख</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">के अनुसार कई
लम्बे लम्बे सपने कुछ ही सेकेंडो में या मिनटों में ख़त्म हो</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">जाते हैं </span>1
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">कई लोगों ने सपनो में अपने घरों से
दूर सात</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">समुद्र पार
लोगों</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">मिलते
या बात करते पाया होगा </span>1 <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">क्या
ये भौतिक दुनिया में सम्भव है</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">की आप</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">एक ही रात</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">में</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">सात समुद्र पार जा कर और लोगों से मिलकर
वापस आ जाएँ</span> 1 <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">लेकिन ये
स्वप्न की दुनिया में सम्भव है</span>1</div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">कभी कभी ये भी
देखा गया है की आप</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">स्वप्न में आपने किसी मित्र या नजदीकी रिश्तेदार से
मिलते हैं और कुछ ही</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">समय के बाद उनका सन्देश आपको मिल जाता होगा और आपको
आश्चर्य भी लगता होगा</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">की</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">ये कैसे हो गया</span> ? <br />
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">आपने ये भी सुना
होगा की जो ग़हरी नींद में सो रहे</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">हों उनको झटके से नहीं उठाना चाहिए नहीं तो
उनकी मृत्यू भी हो सकती है </span>1 <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">क्या
इसका ये मतलब नहीं की उस वक़्त शारीर से आत्मा बाहर निकलकर आत्माओं के</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">लोक में विचरण कर
रही हो </span>?<br />
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">स्वप्न में कभी
कभी आप अपने मृत</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">परिजनों
के</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">आत्माओं
से भी मिलते होंगे और वो आपको आपके कठिन समय में मार्गदर्शन भी</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">देते</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">होंगे </span>1 <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">ऐसा लगता होगा की वो आपके सामने ही बैठें हैं और आपसे
बात कर</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">रहे
हैं </span>1</div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">कभी आपने सोचा है
की स्वप्न तो आप रात को सोते हुए देखते हैं जब कमरे में</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">प्रकाश नहीं होता तो</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">स्वप्न में प्रकाश आता कहाँ से</span>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">है </span>? <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">बहुत सारे</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">प्रश्न ऐसे हैं जो अभी भी उलझे हुए हैं</span> 1<br />
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">बहुत जटिल है</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">स्वप्न की दुनिया के बारे में जानना
और समझना </span>1 <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">विज्ञानं इसको
मह्त्व नहीं देता लेकिन लामा लोग के लेखों में इसपर विस्तार</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">से वर्णन है </span>1 </div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">स्वप्न की दुनिया
के</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">बारे में जानकारी
लेने के बाद मुझे</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">एक
तिब्बती लामा के</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">लामा
बनने की अंतिम अवस्था</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">में
अपने समाधी लेने के बाद के अनुभव का जिक्र एक पुस्तक में पढ़ने का सौभाग्य मिला </span>1
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">उसके अनुसार पूर्ण लामा बनने के पहले
एक अंतिम परीक्षा में उत्तीर्ण होना</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">अनिवार्य होता है तभी जाकर उसे लामा की
उपाधि मिलती है </span>1 <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">वैसे तो उसे
कई</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">कठिन</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">परीक्षाओं से गुजरना होता है लेकिन वो तभी
लामा बनता हैं जब वो समाधी की अवस्था का भी अनुभव
प्राप्त कर लेता है </span>1</div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">लामा ने अपने
अनुभव का जिक्र करते हुए लिखा है की उसे तिब्बत के पोताला</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">से काफी नीचे एक
छूपे हुए सुरंग से ले जाया जाता है </span>1 <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">यहाँ उसे पूर्ण</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">शांति एवं सिहरन सा महसूस होता है </span>1
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">उस सुरंग के नीचे एक गुफा में लामा
ने एक रहस्यमय अनुभव की जानकारी दी है </span>1 <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">उसके अनुसार उस गुफा में तीन काले रंग के कॉफिन
बॉक्स थे जिसमे तीन</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">विशाल शव थे </span>1 <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">उसमे एक शव महिला का था और दो शव पुरुष के
थे </span>1 <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">महिला के</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">शव</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">की लम्बाई </span>10 <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">फीट एवं पुरुषों के शव की लम्बाई लगभग</span> 15
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">फीट थी </span>1 <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">इस लामा के साथ गए तीन लोगो में से एक ने
कहा</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">की</span>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">ये तीनो शव उन भगवानों के हैं
जो इस स्थान पर रहते थे जब यहाँ पर्वत नहीं</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">थे </span>1 <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">आज सबको मालूम है की तिब्बत हिमालय पर्वत से
घिरा हुआ है </span>1 <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">लामा के</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">अनुसार पश्चमी
सभ्यता एवं आधुनिक विज्ञानं इसको कभी भी स्वीकार नहीं</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">करेगा </span>1</div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">लामा के अनुसार
जब उसने समाधी ली तो ऐसा लगा की वो शारीर को त्याग कर</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">एक</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">पतंग की तरह हवा में</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">उठता जा रहा है </span>1<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">कुछ देर के बाद अपने आप को एक</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">समुद्र के किनारे
रेत पर पाया </span>1 <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">इस लामा ने कभी
अपने जिंदगी में समुद्र को</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">नहीं देखा था </span>1 <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">वहां उसने ताम्र रंग के विशाल आकार के लोगों को देखा
जो हंस</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">खेल
रहे थे </span>1 <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">शायद वो लामा आज के
वक़्त से काफी पीछे चला गया था </span>1 <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">अपने</span>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">लेखन</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">में</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">उस लामा ने</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">उस</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">वक़्त का जिक्र</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">किया है जब</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">पृथ्वी सूर्य के काफी</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">नजदीक थी और सूर्य की परीक्रमा उलटी
दिशा में करती थी </span>1 <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">दिन
छोटे और गर्म होते थे </span>1 <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">बहुत
विशाल सभ्यता का विकास उस लामा ने देखा और उसका वर्णन</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">अपने</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">पुस्तक</span> "<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">तीसरे नेत्र" में किया है </span>1 <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">पुस्तक के अनुसार आज के मानव की</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">तुलना में उस
वक़्त के</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">मनुष्य को</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">बहुत चीजों की जानकारी थी</span>
1</div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">अपने दूसरे लेख
में लामा ने एक और ब्रह्माण्डीय घटना का जिक्र किया है </span>1 <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">उसके अनुसार बाह्य ब्रह्माण्ड से एक दूसरा भटकता
हुआ एक गृह आया और पृथ्वी</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">से टकरा गया </span>1 <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">पृथ्वी अपनी कक्षा से दूर खिसक गई </span>1 <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">पूरी पृथ्वी पर बाढ़</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">एवं भूकंप की
घटनाएँ होने लगी </span>1 <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">भूकंप पूरी
पृथ्वी के आकार</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">में</span>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">बदलाव</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">लाने लगी </span>1 <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">कुछ जमीन पानी के अन्दर जाने लगी एवं कुछ समुद्र से
ऊपर उठने</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">लगी </span>1 <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">लामा के अनुसार
तिब्बत जो पहले एक समुद्र का किनारा था इस टक्कर की</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">वजह से समुद्र तल से लगभग बारह
हजार फुट ऊपर उठ गया </span>1 <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">वैसे
भी अगर जियोलाजिकल विज्ञान के रूप में</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">देखा जाये तो जहाँ आज हिमालय है वहां पहले समुद्र था
जिसको टेटहीस कहा जाता था। </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">कुछ देर के बाद</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">धीरे धीरे ये सारे दृश्य लामा की नज़रों से
दूर होने लगे और उसे ठण्ड भी</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">लगने लगी </span>1 <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">वो वापस अपने शारीर में प्रवेश कर चुका था </span>1
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">वो तीन दिन तक</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">समाधी की अवस्था में
रहा </span>1</div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">मैंने इस बात का जिक्र</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">आपने एक दोस्त पेटे विन से किया</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">जो की एक</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">जियोलॉजिस्ट हैं और पिछले कई वर्षो से चीन
में रह के जियोलाजिकल शोध कर रहे</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">हैं </span>1 <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">उनका ये मानना था की वो शायद उस विशाल उल्कापिंड का
जिक्र कर रहे</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">हैं जो की आज से </span>60 <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">मिलियन
वर्ष पहले पृथ्वी के यूकातान पेनिनसुला से</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">टकराया था जो की न्यू मेक्सिको में है </span>1
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">इस टकराहट से पृथ्वी पर काफी उथल</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">पुथल हुआ था और
कई प्रजातियाँ विलुप्त हो गई थी </span>1 <br />
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">अगर</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">देखा</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">जाये तो</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">पृथ्वी पर आज से लाखों साल पहले क्या होता था कोई नहीं
जनता। बस एक अनुमान</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">लगाया जाता है। आगे भी क्या होगा कोई भी ठीक से नहीं
बता सकता है।</span><br />
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">विज्ञानं इन
लेखों पर विश्वास नहीं करेगा</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">उसे तो सबूत की जरुरत है </span>1 <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">लेकिन जो भी हो प्रकृति और विस्तृत ब्रह्माण्ड</span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">में बहुत सारे
रहस्य आज भी हैं जिनको जान पाना बहुत मुश्किल</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal;">है </span>1</div>
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Environment and Geologyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06742566655127435206noreply@blogger.com0Ranchi, Jharkhand, India23.3440997 85.30956200000002823.1108367 84.986838500000033 23.577362700000002 85.632285500000023