Dinosaur eggs found in India.

Hundreds of dino eggs found in Tamil Nadu.

by

Dr. Nitish Priyadarshi

Photo credit National Geographic

Hundreds of fossilized dinosaur eggs have been found underneath a river stream at a tiny hamlet in the Ariyalur district of Tamil Nadu in India. Geologists believe that the eggs are at least 65 million years old. According to the researchers these eggs belongs to the most aggressive Carnosaur and the docile, leaf eating Sauropod at Sendurari village.

Carnosaurs were large predatory dinosaurs and Sauropods were long-necked, herbivorous dinosaurs and were notable for the enormous sizes they could grow up to.

The geological sites of Ariyalur are known to be a treasure trove of dinosaur remains, but it is the first time that hundreds of nests embedded with hundreds of clusters of dinosaur eggs have been unearthed in the district.

The work was carried out by the researchers of Periyar University.

Ever since a British couple Mrs. and Mr. Wine collected 32 boxes of “strange stone” objects in 1843, the Ariyalur region has drawn geologists from across the world for its rich fossil presence and diversity.

According to the researchers, eggs may not have hatched due to the Deccan volcanic eruptions or the seasonal flooding. “We suspect the extinction of dinosaurs were triggered by the Deccan volcano as the red bole bed formed by the volcanic ashes cap the eggs,” say the researchers.

It is estimated that originally the Deccan flows may have covered an area in excess of 2 million sq km with a total volume of 2 million cubic km. Deccan volcanism may have released into the atmosphere gases which had been locked up in the bosom of the earth. Thus huge quantities of sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, nitrogen oxide, carbon dioxide and other similar gases may have been injected into the atmosphere. These gases could combine with steam from the volcanoes, resulting into the lethal mixture known as ‘acid rain’.

Scientists now believe that the Deccan volcanics may not have been directly responsible for the demise of the dinosaurs and other organisms, but they must have had a slow but sure influence on deterioration of the ecosystem over a 2 to 3 million-year period, leading to the disruption of the food-web. Atmospheric pollution would have been further aggravated by the fact that the volcanic ash would have been injected into the atmosphere, leading to the formation of a dark cloud, blocking sunlight.

The volcanic activity of the Deccan between 68 and 65 million years ago was one of the most stupendous eruptions that the Earth has witnessed. It was second only to the Permian-Triassic volcanic eruptions of Siberia when again over 80 percent of the land and sea animals perished dramatically in a short period of time.

Evidence of dinosaurs in India.

Finding dinosaur bones, or dinosaur eggs for that matter, in India is not a difficult task, but one must know where to look. The record of dinosaurs in India spreads from the Late Triassic to the end of the Cretaceous (i.e. from about 225 to 65 million years ago), but the most common finds are in the Jurassic and the Cretaceous.
In order to help the young collector find the localities where dinosaurs remains can be located, India has been divided into the following geographic sectors:
1.Western sector comprising the states of Rajasthan and Gujarat.
2.Central sector comprising the states of MP and Maharashtra.
3.Southern states comprising the states of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.

Several important localities are known to exist in the western sector, including the Dinosaur fossil park established by the geological survey of India in 1983 in the village of Rahioli Kheda district, about 80 kms from Ahmedabad. The park has several eggs and nests and large bones of dinosaurs which can be seen still embedded in the rock.

The oldest and the best known locality of the central region is, of course, the Bara Simla Hill in the Cantonment area of Jabalpur from where the first reports of dinosaur bones were made by William Sleeman. Other sites in the region are related mainly to dinosaur eggs and nests. These include several sites near the town of Dohad, and the region between Jobat and Bagh.

The best studied dinosaurs come from the Southern sector is the Pranhita-Godavari valley running north westwards and south eastwards.
Near the village of Maleri in the Godavari basin, fossils of some of the earliest dinosaurs (Triassic) known to science have been reported.

Recently some people have claimed to identify the foot prints of Dinosaurs in coalfield area of North Karanpura area some 50 kms from Ranchi in Jharkhand State of India. But the findings still wait for the scientific approval.

India has a special place in the studies of dinosaur eggs. The largest Cretaceous nesting sites for dinosaurs anywhere in the world lies in Central India, extending from Kutch in the west to Nagpur in the east, and then further southwards to Adilabad district, north of Hyderabad.

Old houses in Ranchi city are under threat.

Old houses in Ranchi city are gradually vanishing.

by

Dr. Nitish Priyadarshi

Some of the old houses in Ranchi city of Jharkhand State of India are under threat due to the effect of biological weathering. These houses are gradually being destroyed as they are covered up with plants and weeds. All these houses are more than hundred years old made during British rule in India. Most affected are abandoned house. In one case as shown in the photos the small ancient house in the heart of the city is totally covered with plants, trees and shrubs. It resembles very much with haunted house. These houses of archeological importance are gradually breaking down due to negligence of the state government.

Buildings made of any stone, brick or concrete are susceptible to the same weathering agents as any exposed rock surface. Also statues monuments and ornamental stonework can be badly damaged by natural weathering processes. This is accelerated in areas severely affected by acid rain.

Buildings begin to break down the minute they are assembled. Weathering occurs as
decomposition (chemical breakdown) or disintegration (physical breakdown) or both. One type of weathering can lead to another.

Weathering takes place through a combination of biological, mechanical and chemical means. We have all experienced the results of weathering first hand. Any visit to an old cemetery find us peering at the blurred inscriptions on old marble tombstones. These inscriptions were once perfectly legible, but with the passage of time, the small fractures and cracks in the rock have made it vulnerable to attack by aqueous solutions and growth of the plants

Buildings made of limestone are particularly susceptible to weathering. In the absence of modern cementing material, limestone was used as cementing material in building houses in India. In Ranchi also limestone was used as cementing material.
The deterioration of the structures such as old abandoned bridges outside Ranchi city and old houses has increased dramatically in the last few decades.